| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: S2005KS079502 | ( Harvey, Kansas ) | Print Date: Apr 26 2024 5:19AM |
| Sampled as on Aug 28, 2005: | Carbika ; Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Vertic Argiaquolls |
| Revised to : |
| United States Department of Agriculture | ||||
| SSL | - | Project | C2006USKS043 MLRA 79 Update | Natural Resources Conservation Service |
| - | Site ID | S2005KS079502 Lat: 38° 2' 40.19" north Long: 97° 35' 30.91" west MLRA: 75 | National Soil Survey Center | |
| - | Pedon No. | 06N0195 | Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory | |
| - | General Methods 1B1A, 2A1, 2B | Lincoln, Nebraska 68508-3866 | ||
| Layer | Horizon | Orig Hzn | Depth (cm) | Field Label 1 | Field Label 2 | Field Label 3 | Field Texture | Lab Texture |
| 06N00677 | Ap1 | Ap1 | 0-20 | S05KS079502-1 | 8 | FSL | LS | |
| 06N00678 | Ap2 | Ap2 | 20-27 | S05KS079502-2 | 9 | FSL | SL | |
| 06N00679 | Btss1 | Btss1 | 27-43 | S05KS079502-3 | 10 | FSL | FSL | |
| 06N00680 | Btss2 | Btss2 | 43-60 | S05KS079502-4 | 11 | CL | CL | |
| 06N00681 | Btss2 | Btss2 | 60-80 | S05KS079502-5 | 12 | CL | CL | |
| 06N00682 | Btkg1 | Btkg1 | 80-118 | S05KS079502-6 | 13 | CL | SCL | |
| 06N00683 | Btkg2 | Btkg2 | 118-146 | S05KS079502-7 | 14 | SCL | SCL | |
| 06N00684 | BC | BC | 146-160 | S05KS079502-8 | 15 | SCL | FSL | |
| Pedon Calculations | |||
| Calculation Name | Result | Units of Measure | |
| Weighted Particles, 0.1-75mm, 75 mm Base | 35 | % wt | |
| Volume, >2mm, Weighted Average | 1 | % vol | |
| Clay, total, Weighted Average | 32 | % wt | |
| Clay, carbonate free, Weighted Average | 32 | % wt | |
| CEC Activity, CEC7/Clay, Weighted Average, CECd, Set 1 | 0.67 | (NA) | |
| LE, Whole Soil, Summed to 1m | 5 | cm/m | |
| Weighted averages based on control section: 43-93 cm | |||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: S2005KS079502 | ( Harvey, Kansas ) | Print Date: Apr 26 2024 5:19AM |
| Sampled As | : | Carbika | Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Vertic Argiaquolls | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 06N0195 | |||
| PSDA & Rock Fragments | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
| (- - - - - Total - - - - - -) | (- - Clay - - -) | (- - - - Silt - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - Sand - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Rock Fragments (mm) ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Lab | Clay | Silt | Sand | Fine | CO3 | Fine | Coarse | VF | F | M | C | VC | (- - - - - - - - Weight - - - - - - - -) | >2 mm | |||||||
| Text- | < | .002 | .05 | < | < | .002 | .02 | .05 | .10 | .25 | .5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 20 | .1- | wt % | ||||
| Depth | ure | .002 | -.05 | -2 | .0002 | .002 | -.02 | -.05 | -.10 | -.25 | -.50 | -1 | -2 | -5 | -20 | -75 | 75 | whole | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of <2mm Mineral Soil - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - % of <75mm - - - - - -) | soil | |||||||||||||||
| 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | ||||||||||||||
| 06N00677 | 0-20 | Ap1 | S | ls | 5.4 | 18.0 | 76.6 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 15.0 | 9.1 | 33.8 | 31.7 | 2.0 | tr | tr | -- | -- | 68 | tr | |
| 06N00678 | 20-27 | Ap2 | S | sl | 8.7 | 26.2 | 65.1 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 18.7 | 7.0 | 28.1 | 28.0 | 2.0 | tr | -- | -- | -- | 58 | -- | |
| 06N00679 | 27-43 | Btss1 | S | fsl | 8.2 | 27.8 | 64.0 | 5.8 | 8.4 | 19.4 | 7.9 | 27.3 | 27.1 | 1.6 | 0.1 | tr | -- | -- | 56 | tr | |
| 06N00680 | 43-60 | Btss2 | S | cl | 29.7 | 26.9 | 43.4 | 24.2 | 11.4 | 15.5 | 7.6 | 20.9 | 13.4 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1 | -- | -- | 36 | 1 | |
| 06N00681 | 60-80 | Btss2 | S | cl | 38.5 | 27.3 | 34.2 | 31.5 | 11.8 | 15.5 | 6.1 | 16.7 | 10.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 | tr | -- | -- | 28 | tr | |
| 06N00682 | 80-118 | Btkg1 | S | scl | 23.1 | 25.4 | 51.5 | 15.8 | 10.2 | 15.2 | 8.5 | 26.5 | 13.3 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 2 | -- | -- | 44 | 2 | |
| 06N00683 | 118-146 | Btkg2 | S | scl | 20.2 | 23.2 | 56.6 | 14.9 | 7.6 | 15.6 | 10.9 | 28.3 | 15.8 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 1 | -- | -- | 46 | 1 | |
| 06N00684 | 146-160 | BC | S | fsl | 19.1 | 22.6 | 58.3 | 14.9 | 6.5 | 16.1 | 13.2 | 30.0 | 13.7 | 1.2 | 0.2 | -- | -- | -- | 45 | -- | |
| Bulk Density & Moisture | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
| (Bulk Density) | Cole | (- - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Air Dry-Oven Dry ) | WRD | Aggst | ||||||||||||
| 33 | Oven | Whole | 6 | 10 | 33 | 1500 | 1500 kPa | (- - - - Ratio - - - -) | Whole | Stabl | (- - Ratio/Clay - -) | ||||||
| Depth | kPa | Dry | Soil | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | Moist | Corrected | Soil | 2-0.5mm | CEC7 | 1500 kPa | ||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - g cm-3 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - pct of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm3 cm-3 | % | ||||||||||
| DbWR1 | DbWR1 | DbWR1 | DbWR1 | 3C2a1a | 3D1 | 4E2a1a1a1 | |||||||||||
| 06N00677 | 0-20 | Ap1 | S | 1.65 | 1.66 | 0.002 | 12.0 | 9.6 | 3.0 | 1.005 | 0.11 | 0.78 | 0.56 | ||||
| 06N00678 | 20-27 | Ap2 | S | 1.80 | 1.86 | 0.011 | 13.5 | 10.9 | 4.1 | 1.008 | 0.12 | 0.75 | 0.47 | ||||
| 06N00679 | 27-43 | Btss1 | S | 1.74 | 1.80 | 0.011 | 13.6 | 10.6 | 4.0 | 1.006 | 0.11 | 0.68 | 0.49 | ||||
| 06N00680 | 43-60 | Btss2 | S | 1.58 | 1.99 | 0.080 | 22.6 | 17.1 | 1.035 | 0.09 | 0.82 | 0.58 | |||||
| 06N00681 | 60-80 | Btss2 | S | 1.57 | 2.00 | 0.084 | 24.3 | 15.5 | 1.027 | 0.14 | 0.52 | 0.40 | |||||
| 06N00682 | 80-118 | Btkg1 | S | 1.68 | 1.99 | 0.057 | 19.2 | 16.0 | 1.021 | 1.021 | 0.05 | 0.69 | 0.69 | ||||
| 06N00683 | 118-146 | Btkg2 | S | 1.68 | 1.86 | 0.034 | 16.9 | 13.6 | 1.018 | 1.018 | 0.06 | 0.67 | 0.67 | ||||
| 06N00684 | 146-160 | BC | S | 1.79 | 1.83 | 0.007 | 15.4 | 11.3 | 1.017 | 0.07 | 0.64 | 0.59 | |||||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: S2005KS079502 | ( Harvey, Kansas ) | Print Date: Apr 26 2024 5:19AM |
| Sampled As | : | Carbika | Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Vertic Argiaquolls | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 06N0195 | |||
| Carbon & Extractions | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | |||
| (- - - - - Total - - - - -) | Est | OC | C/N | (- - - Dith-Cit Ext - - -) | (- - - - - - Ammonium Oxalate Extraction - - - - - -) | (- - - Na Pyro-Phosphate - - -) | ||||||||||||||||
| Depth | C | N | S | OC | (WB) | Ratio | Fe | Al | Mn | Al+½Fe | ODOE | Fe | Al | Si | Mn | C | Fe | Al | Mn | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - % of <2 mm - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - -) | |||||||||||||||
| 4H2a | 4H2a | 4H2a | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 06N00677 | 0-20 | Ap1 | S | 0.60 | 0.12 | tr | 0.6 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| 06N00678 | 20-27 | Ap2 | S | 0.55 | 0.09 | -- | 0.5 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| 06N00679 | 27-43 | Btss1 | S | 0.35 | 0.06 | -- | 0.3 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| 06N00680 | 43-60 | Btss2 | S | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| 06N00681 | 60-80 | Btss2 | S | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| 06N00682 | 80-118 | Btkg1 | S | 0.25 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| 06N00683 | 118-146 | Btkg2 | S | 0.12 | 0.04 | tr | tr | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| 06N00684 | 146-160 | BC | S | 0.03 | 0.03 | -- | tr | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| CEC & Bases | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
| (- - - - - - NH4OAC Extractable Bases - - - - -) | CEC8 | CEC7 | ECEC | (- - - - Base - - - -) | |||||||||||||
| Sum | Acid- | Extr | KCl | Sum | NH4 | Bases | Al | (- Saturation -) | |||||||||
| Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | Bases | ity | Al | Mn | Cats | OAC | +Al | Sat | Sum | NH4OAC | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||
| 4B1a1a | 4B1a1a | 4B1a1a | 4B1a1a | 4B2b1a1 | 4B1a1a | ||||||||||||
| 06N00677 | 0-20 | Ap1 | S | 7.9* | 0.3 | -- | 0.1 | 8.3 | 0.5 | 4.2 | 100 | ||||||
| 06N00678 | 20-27 | Ap2 | S | 6.0* | 0.7 | -- | 0.2 | 6.9 | 1.8 | 6.5 | 100 | ||||||
| 06N00679 | 27-43 | Btss1 | S | 4.5* | 1.0 | -- | 0.1 | 5.6 | 1.6 | 7.2 | 5.6 | 78 | 100 | ||||
| 06N00680 | 43-60 | Btss2 | S | 12.7* | 8.7 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 25.1 | 3.0 | 28.1 | 24.3 | 89 | 100 | ||||
| 06N00681 | 60-80 | Btss2 | S | 10.1* | 7.4 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 21.5 | 1.4 | 20.0 | 100 | ||||||
| 06N00682 | 80-118 | Btkg1 | S | 18.6* | 6.4 | 5.5 | 0.3 | 30.8 | -- | 15.9 | 100 | ||||||
| 06N00683 | 118-146 | Btkg2 | S | 13.8* | 4.9 | 5.4 | 0.3 | 24.4 | 0.3 | 13.6 | 100 | ||||||
| 06N00684 | 146-160 | BC | S | 5.3* | 4.1 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 13.5 | 0.8 | 12.2 | 100 | ||||||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: S2005KS079502 | ( Harvey, Kansas ) | Print Date: Apr 26 2024 5:19AM |
| Sampled As | : | Carbika | Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Vertic Argiaquolls | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 06N0195 | |||
| Salt | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | -20- | |||
| (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Extracted From Saturated Paste - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | 1:2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Elec | Elec | Exch | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | CO3 | HCO3 | F | Cl | PO4 | Br | OAC | SO4 | NO2 | NO3 | H2O | Salts | Cond | Cond | Na | SAR | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - mmol(+) L-1 - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mmol(-) L-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - % - - - -) | (- - dS m-1 - -) | % | |||||||||||||||
| 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F2 | 4F1a1a1 | |||||||
| 06N00677 | 0-20 | Ap1 | S | 8.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.5 | -- | 3.1 | tr | 0.3 | 0.2 | -- | -- | 0.7 | 0.2 | 7.1 | 25.6 | tr | 1.10 | 0.29 | -- | tr |
| 06N00678 | 20-27 | Ap2 | S | 3.8 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.1 | -- | 1.2 | tr | 1.4 | -- | -- | -- | 0.6 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 24.6 | -- | 0.60 | 0.12 | -- | 1 |
| 06N00679 | 27-43 | Btss1 | S | 1.4 | 0.4 | 2.9 | tr | -- | 1.2 | tr | 0.8 | -- | tr | -- | 0.5 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 20.6 | -- | 0.50 | 0.08 | -- | 3 |
| 06N00680 | 43-60 | Btss2 | S | 0.2 | 0.1 | 3.7 | tr | -- | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.9 | -- | tr | -- | 1.2 | 0.1 | tr | 70.4 | -- | 0.42 | 0.17 | 12 | 9 |
| 06N00681 | 60-80 | Btss2 | S | 0.2 | 0.1 | 3.8 | tr | -- | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.9 | -- | -- | -- | 1.5 | 0.1 | tr | 62.2 | -- | 0.55 | 0.29 | 17 | 9 |
| 06N00682 | 80-118 | Btkg1 | S | 0.3 | 0.2 | 12.3 | -- | -- | 4.4 | 1.1 | 2.1 | -- | -- | -- | 4.9 | tr | 0.1 | 56.8 | tr | 1.21 | 0.60 | 30 | 25 |
| 06N00683 | 118-146 | Btkg2 | S | 0.2 | 0.1 | 10.2 | -- | -- | 3.9 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 0.1 | -- | -- | 3.4 | tr | 0.1 | 49.2 | tr | 0.98 | 0.59 | 36 | 27 |
| 06N00684 | 146-160 | BC | S | 0.2 | 0.4 | 6.8 | 0.2 | -- | 1.2 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 0.1 | -- | -- | 2.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 38.3 | tr | 0.70 | 0.30 | 29 | 12 |
| pH & Carbonates | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | |||
| (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - Carbonate - -) | (- - Gypsum - - -) | ||||||||||||
| CaCl2 | As CaCO3 | As CaSO4*2H2O | Resist | |||||||||||
| Depth | 0.01M | H2O | Sat | <2mm | <20mm | <2mm | <20mm | ohms | ||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | KCl | 1:2 | 1:1 | Paste | Oxid | NaF | (- - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm-1 | |||
| 4C1a2a | 4C1a2a | 4F2 | 4E1a1a1a1 | 4E2a1a1a1 | ||||||||||
| 06N00677 | 0-20 | Ap1 | S | 7.0 | 7.4 | 7.1 | tr | |||||||
| 06N00678 | 20-27 | Ap2 | S | 6.4 | 7.0 | 6.7 | tr | |||||||
| 06N00679 | 27-43 | Btss1 | S | 6.5 | 7.3 | 6.8 | -- | |||||||
| 06N00680 | 43-60 | Btss2 | S | 7.2 | 8.1 | 7.4 | -- | |||||||
| 06N00681 | 60-80 | Btss2 | S | 7.7 | 8.5 | 7.9 | tr | |||||||
| 06N00682 | 80-118 | Btkg1 | S | 8.3 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 2 | -- | ||||||
| 06N00683 | 118-146 | Btkg2 | S | 8.4 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 1 | -- | ||||||
| 06N00684 | 146-160 | BC | S | 7.7 | 8.5 | 7.9 | tr | |||||||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: S2005KS079502 | ( Harvey, Kansas ) | Print Date: Apr 26 2024 5:19AM |
| Sampled As | : | Carbika | Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Vertic Argiaquolls | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 06N0195 | |||
| Phosphorus | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | |||
| (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Phosphorus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | KCl | ||||||||||||||
| Melanic | NZ | Acid | Anion Exch Resin | Bray | Bray | Olsen | H2O | Citric | Mehlich | Extr | |||||
| Depth | Index | Oxal | Available | Capacity | 1 | 2 | Acid | III | NO3 | ||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | % | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mg kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||
| 4D6a1 | |||||||||||||||
| 06N00677 | 0-20 | Ap1 | S | 77.1 | |||||||||||
| 06N00678 | 20-27 | Ap2 | S | 30.1 | |||||||||||
| 06N00679 | 27-43 | Btss1 | S | 6.7 | |||||||||||
| 06N00680 | 43-60 | Btss2 | S | 0.4 | |||||||||||
| 06N00681 | 60-80 | Btss2 | S | 3.2 | |||||||||||
| 06N00682 | 80-118 | Btkg1 | S | 14.4 | |||||||||||
| 06N00683 | 118-146 | Btkg2 | S | 37.9 | |||||||||||
| 06N00684 | 146-160 | BC | S | 39.0 | |||||||||||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: S2005KS079502 | ( Harvey, Kansas ) | Print Date: Apr 26 2024 5:19AM |
| Sampled As | : | Carbika | Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Vertic Argiaquolls | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 06N0195 | |||
| Clay Mineralogy (<.002 mm) | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
| X-Ray | Thermal | Elemental | EGME | Inter | |||||||||||||||||
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | K2O | Na2O | Retn | preta | |||||||||||||
| Depth | Fract | 7A1a1 | | | | | tion | ||||||||||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | ion | ( - - - - - - - - - peak size - - - - - - - - - - ) | (- - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg g-1 | ||||||||||||||
| 06N00679 | 27.0-43.0 | Btss1 | tcly | MI 2 | KK 2 | MT 2 | QZ 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CMIX |
| 06N00680 | 43.0-60.0 | Btss2 | tcly | MT 1 | MI 2 | KK 2 | VR 1 | QZ 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | CMIX |
| 06N00681 | 60.0-80.0 | Btss2 | tcly | MT 3 | KK 2 | MI 2 | QZ 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SMEC |
| 06N00682 | 80.0-118.0 | Btkg1 | tcly | MT 3 | KK 2 | MI 2 | QZ 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SMEC |
| 06N00683 | 118.0-146.0 | Btkg2 | tcly | MT 3 | KK 3 | MI 2 | VR 1 | QZ 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | SMEC |
| 06N00684 | 146.0-160.0 | BC | tcly | MT 3 | KK 3 | MI 2 | VR 1 | QZ 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | SMEC |
| FRACTION INTERPRETATION: | ||||
| tcly - Total Clay <0.002 mm | | | | |
| MINERAL INTERPRETATION: | ||||
| KK Kaolinite | MI Mica | MT Montmorillonite | QZ Quartz | VR Vermiculite |
| RELATIVE PEAK SIZE: | 5 Very Large | 4 Large | 3 Medium | 2 Small | 1 Very Small | 6 No Peaks |
| INTERPRETATION (BY HORIZON): | ||||
| CMIX - Mixed Clay | SMEC - Smectitic | | | |