*** Primary Characterization Data ***

Pedon ID: 1991NC099400

( Jackson, North Carolina )

Print Date: Apr 23 2025 2:58PM

Sampled as on Nov 30, 2008:	Cowee ; Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult
Revised to correlated on Apr 25, 2009:	Cowee ; Fine-loamy, parasesquic, mesic Typic Hapludults

				United States Department of Agriculture
SSL	-	Project	CP85NC171   NORTH CAROLINA MOUNTAIN SOILS	Natural Resources Conservation Service
	-	Site ID	1991NC099400   Lat: 35° 21' 4.38" north  Long: 83° 8' 6.56" west  MLRA: 130B	National Soil Survey Center
	-	Pedon No.	85P0634	Soil Survey Laboratory
	-	General Methods 1B1A, 2A1, 2B		Lincoln, Nebraska 68508-3866

---

Layer	Horizon	Orig Hzn	Depth (cm)	Field Label 1	Field Label 2	Field Label 3	Field Texture	Lab Texture
85P03270	A	A	0-13				L	SL
85P03271	Bt1	Bt1	13-33				SCL	SL
85P03272	Bt2	Bt2	33-69				CL	SCL
85P03273	Bt/Cr	BtCR	33-69					LCOS
85P03274	Cr	CR	69-89					COS

---

Pedon Calculations
Calculation Name	Result	Units of Measure
CEC Activity, CEC7/Clay, Weighted Average	0.23	(NA)
Clay, carbonate free, Weighted Average	22	% wt
Volume, >2mm, Weighted Average	0	% vol
Clay, total, Weighted Average	22	% wt
Weighted averages based on control section: 13-63 cm

---

PSDA  &  Rock Fragments				-1-	-2-	-3-	-4-	-5-	-6-	-7-	-8-	-9-	-10-	-11-	-12-	-13-	-14-	-15-	-16-	-17-	-18-
					(- - - - - Total - - - - - -)			(- - Clay - - -)		(- - - - Silt - - - - -)		(- - - - - - - - - - - - Sand - - - - - - - - - - - -)					( Rock Fragments   (mm) )
				Lab	Clay	Silt	Sand	Fine	CO3	Fine	Coarse	VF	F	M	C	VC	(- - - - - - - - Weight - - - - - - - -)				>2 mm
				Text-	<	.002	.05	<	<	.002	.02	.05	.10	.25	.5	1	2	5	20	.1-	wt %
	Depth			ure	.002	-.05	-2	.0002	.002	-.02	-.05	-.10	-.25	-.50	-1	-2	-5	-20	-75	75	whole
Layer	(cm)	Horz	Prep		(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of <2mm Mineral Soil - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)												(- - - - - - - % of <75mm - - - - - -)				soil
				3A1a1a	3A1a1a	3A1a1a	3A1a1a	3A1a1a		3A1a1a	3A1a1a	3A1a1a	3A1a1a	3A1a1a	3A1a1a	3A1a1a	3B1	3B1	3B1
85P03270	0-13	A	S														13	7	--	--	20
85P03270	0-13	A	GP	sl	12.2	20.6	67.2	1.8		14.3	6.3	10.2	21.6	15.9	10.5	9.0
85P03271	13-33	Bt1	S														16	1	--	--	17
85P03271	13-33	Bt1	GP	sl	18.6	18.6	62.8	5.4		13.2	5.4	8.1	17.5	14.4	11.9	10.9
85P03272	33-69	Bt2	S														2	--	53	--	55
85P03272	33-69	Bt2	GP	scl	23.5	10.3	66.2	11.3		6.7	3.6	7.7	17.1	16.4	14.0	11.0
85P03273	33-69	Bt/Cr	GP	lcos	7.2	10.4	82.4	3.3		6.2	4.2	10.3	23.5	19.7	14.5	14.4
85P03274	69-89	Cr	GP	cos	3.6	8.1	88.3	1.3		4.9	3.2	8.6	19.6	18.1	17.1	24.9

*** Primary Characterization Data ***

Pedon ID: 1991NC099400

( Jackson, North Carolina )

Print Date: Apr 23 2025 2:58PM

Sampled As	:	Cowee		Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory			;	Pedon No.  85P0634

---

Bulk Density  &  Moisture				-1-	-2-	-3-	-4-	-5-	-6-	-7-	-8-	-9-	-10-	-11-	-12-	-13-	-14-
				(Bulk Density)		Cole	(- - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - -)					( Air Dry-Oven Dry )		WRD	Aggst
				33	Oven	Whole	6	10	33	1500	1500 kPa	(- - - - Ratio - - - -)		Whole	Stabl	(- - Ratio/Clay - -)
	Depth			kPa	Dry	Soil	kPa	kPa	kPa	kPa	Moist		Corrected	Soil	2-0.5mm	CEC7	1500 kPa
Layer	(cm)	Horz	Prep	(- - - g cm-3 - - -)			(- - - - - - - - - - - - pct of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - -)							cm3 cm-3	%
				4A1d	4A1h				4B1c	3C2a1a		3D1		4C1		8D1	8D1
85P03270	0-13	A	S	1.26	1.33	0.018			26.9					0.24		0.67	0.45
85P03270	0-13	A	GP							5.5		1.010
85P03271	13-33	Bt1	S	1.59	1.64	0.010			15.9					0.11		0.23	0.44
85P03271	13-33	Bt1	GP							8.1		1.011
85P03272	33-69	Bt2	S	1.48	1.55	0.016			22.2					0.11		0.23	0.42
85P03272	33-69	Bt2	GP							9.9		1.013
85P03273	33-69	Bt/Cr	S													0.49	1.86
85P03273	33-69	Bt/Cr	GP							13.4		1.010
85P03274	69-89	Cr	S	2.10	2.11	0.002			10.6					0.11		0.86	1.56
85P03274	69-89	Cr	GP							5.6		1.010

---

Water Content

-1-

-2-

-3-

-4-

-5-

-6-

-7-

-8-

-9-

-10-

-11-

-12-

-13-

(- - Atterberg - -)

(- - - - - Bulk Density - - - - -)

(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)

(- - - Limits - - -)

Field

Recon

Recon

Field

Recon

(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sieved Samples - - - - - - - - - - - - -)

LL

PI

33

Oven

33

6

10

33

100

200

500

Depth

kPa

Dry

kPa

kPa

kPa

kPa

kPa

kPa

kPa

Layer

(cm)

Horz

Prep

pct <0.4mm

(- - - - - - - - g cm-3 - - - - - - -)

(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)

4F1

4F

85P03272

33-69

Bt2

GP

42

8

85P03274

69-89

Cr

GP

NP

---

Carbon  &  Extractions				-1-	-2-	-3-	-4-	-5-	-6-	-7-	-8-	-9-	-10-	-11-	-12-	-13-	-14-	-15-	-16-	-17-	-18-	-19-
				(- - - - - Total - - - - -)			Est	OC	C/N	(- - - Dith-Cit Ext - - -)			(- - - - - - Ammonium Oxalate Extraction - - - - - -)						(- - - Na Pyro-Phosphate - - -)
	Depth			C	N	S	OC	(WB)	Ratio	Fe	Al	Mn	Al+½Fe	ODOE	Fe	Al	Si	Mn	C	Fe	Al	Mn
Layer	(cm)	Horz	Prep	(- - - - - - - - - - % of <2 mm - - - - - - - - - -)						(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)								mg kg-1	(- - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - -)
				6A2d	6B3a			6A1c		6C2b	6G7a	6D2a		8J	6C9a	6G12	6V2	6D5b
85P03270	0-13	A	GP	2.21	0.088			2.43	28	5.5	0.9	tr	0.87	0.11	0.86	0.44	0.04	278.6
85P03271	13-33	Bt1	GP	0.55	0.017			0.27	16	5.7	0.7	tr	0.38	0.04	0.43	0.16	0.03	68.5
85P03272	33-69	Bt2	GP	0.35	0.014			0.30	21	6.6	0.8	0.1
85P03273	33-69	Bt/Cr	GP	0.14				0.11		5.6	0.6	0.1	0.25	0.03	0.32	0.09	0.04	634.2
85P03274	69-89	Cr	GP	0.11				0.07		5.1	0.6	0.1	0.20	0.03	0.24	0.07	0.04	836.1

*** Primary Characterization Data ***

Pedon ID: 1991NC099400

( Jackson, North Carolina )

Print Date: Apr 23 2025 2:58PM

Sampled As	:	Cowee		Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory			;	Pedon No.  85P0634

---

CEC  &  Bases				-1-	-2-	-3-	-4-	-5-	-6-	-7-	-8-	-9-	-10-	-11-	-12-	-13-	-14-
				(- - - - - - NH4OAC Extractable Bases - - - - -)								CEC8	CEC7	ECEC		(- - - - Base - - - -)
								Sum	Acid-	Extr	KCl	Sum	NH4	Bases	Al	(- Saturation -)
	Depth			Ca	Mg	Na	K	Bases	ity	Al	Mn	Cats	OAC	+Al	Sat	Sum	NH4OAC
Layer	(cm)	Horz	Prep	(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)							mg kg-1	(- - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - -)			(- - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - -)
				6N2e	6O2d	6P2b	6Q2b		6H5a	6G9a		5A3a	5A8b	5A3b	5G1	5C3	5C1
85P03270	0-13	A	GP	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.5	11.2	1.1		11.7	8.2	1.6	69	4	6
85P03271	13-33	Bt1	GP	0.1	0.8	tr	tr	0.9	5.3	0.1		6.2	4.2	1.0	10	15	21
85P03272	33-69	Bt2	GP	0.2	1.0	0.1	tr	1.3	6.0	--		7.3	5.4			18	24
85P03273	33-69	Bt/Cr	GP	0.1	0.6	tr	--	0.7	4.2			4.9	3.5			14	20
85P03274	69-89	Cr	GP	tr	0.4	0.1	tr	0.5	3.0			3.5	3.1			14	16

---

Salt

-1-

-2-

-3-

-4-

-5-

-6-

-7-

-8-

-9-

-10-

-11-

-12-

-13-

-14-

-15-

-16-

-17-

-18-

-19-

-20-

(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Extracted From Saturated Paste - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)

1:2

Total

Elec

Elec

Exch

Depth

Ca

Mg

Na

K

CO3

HCO3

F

Cl

PO4

Br

OAC

SO4

NO2

NO3

H2O

Salts

Cond

Cond

Na

SAR

Layer

(cm)

Horz

Prep

(- - - - - mmol(+) L-1 - - - - -)

(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mmol(-) L-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)

(- - - - % - - - -)

(- - dS m-1 - -)

%

85P03270

0-13

A

GP

1

85P03271

13-33

Bt1

GP

--

85P03272

33-69

Bt2

GP

2

85P03273

33-69

Bt/Cr

GP

--

85P03274

69-89

Cr

GP

3

---

pH  &  Carbonates				-1-	-2-	-3-	-4-	-5-	-6-	-7-	-8-	-9-	-10-	-11-
				(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)						(- - Carbonate - -)		(- - Gypsum - - -)
					CaCl2					As CaCO3		As CaSO4*2H2O		Resist
	Depth				0.01M	H2O	Sat			<2mm	<20mm	<2mm	<20mm	ohms
Layer	(cm)	Horz	Prep	KCl	1:2	1:1	Paste	Oxid	NaF	(- - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - -)				cm-1
				4C1a2a3	4C1a2a	4C1a2a
85P03270	0-13	A	GP	4.4	4.6	5.0
85P03271	13-33	Bt1	GP	4.8	5.2	5.3
85P03272	33-69	Bt2	GP	5.1	5.3	5.4
85P03273	33-69	Bt/Cr	GP	5.6	5.3	5.5
85P03274	69-89	Cr	GP	5.6	5.6	5.6

*** Primary Characterization Data ***

Pedon ID: 1991NC099400

( Jackson, North Carolina )

Print Date: Apr 23 2025 2:58PM

Sampled As	:	Cowee		Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory			;	Pedon No.  85P0634

---

Phosphorus

-1-

-2-

-3-

-4-

-5-

-6-

-7-

-8-

-9-

-10-

-11-

-12-

(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Phosphorus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)

KCl

Melanic

NZ

Acid

Anion Exch Resin

Bray

Bray

Olsen

H2O

Citric

Mehlich

Extr

Depth

Index

Oxal

Available

Capacity

1

2

Acid

III

NO3

Layer

(cm)

Horz

Prep

%

(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mg kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)

6S4

85P03270

0-13

A

GP

42

85P03271

13-33

Bt1

GP

35

85P03273

33-69

Bt/Cr

GP

35

85P03274

69-89

Cr

GP

29

*** Primary Characterization Data ***

Pedon ID: 1991NC099400

( Jackson, North Carolina )

Print Date: Apr 23 2025 2:58PM

Sampled As	:	Cowee		Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory			;	Pedon No.  85P0634

---

Clay Mineralogy (<.002 mm)

-1-

-2-

-3-

-4-

-5-

-6-

-7-

-8-

-9-

-10-

-11-

-12-

-13-

-14-

-15-

-16-

-17-

-18-

X-Ray

Thermal

Elemental

EGME

Inter

SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

MgO

CaO

K2O

Na2O

Retn

preta

Depth

Fract

7A2i

7A3b

7C3

tion

Layer

(cm)

Horz

ion

( - - - - - - - - - peak size - - - - - - - - - - )

(- - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - -)

(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)

mg g-1

85P03270

0.0-13.0

A

tcly

KK 3

GI 1

CL 1

KK tr

GI tr

13.6

85P03272

33.0-69.0

Bt2

tcly

KK 3

GI 2

GE 1

CL 1

KK 22

GI 7

15.7

0.2

85P03273

33.0-69.0

Bt/Cr

tcly

KK 3

GI 2

GE 1

CL 1

KK 14

GI tr

14.3

85P03274

69.0-89.0

Cr

tcly

KK 3

GI 2

GE 1

KK 9

GI 2

10.4

FRACTION INTERPRETATION:
tcly - Total Clay <0.002 mm

MINERAL INTERPRETATION:
CL Chlorite	GE Goethite	GI Gibbsite	KK Kaolinite

RELATIVE PEAK SIZE:

5 Very Large

4 Large

3 Medium

2 Small

1 Very Small

6 No Peaks

*** Primary Characterization Data ***

Pedon ID: 1991NC099400

( Jackson, North Carolina )

Print Date: Apr 23 2025 2:58PM

Sampled As	:	Cowee		Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory			;	Pedon No.  85P0634

---

Sand - Silt Mineralogy (2.0-0.002 mm)

-1-

-2-

-3-

-4-

-5-

-6-

-7-

-8-

-9-

-10-

-11-

-12-

-13-

-14-

-15-

-16-

-17-

-18-

X-Ray

Thermal

Optical

EGME

Inter

Tot Re

Grain Count

Retn

preta

Depth

Fract

7B1a2

tion

Layer

(cm)

Horz

ion

( - - - - - - - - peak size - - - - - - - - - )

(- - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - -)

(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)

mg g-1

85P03272

33.0-69.0

Bt2

fs

61

QZ 37

MS 34

RA 18

FE 6

BT 5

GN tr

85P03273

33.0-69.0

Bt/Cr

fs

47

MS 48

QZ 29

RA 12

BT 5

FE 5

GN 1

85P03274

69.0-89.0

Cr

fs

48

MS 43

QZ 30

RA 11

BT 8

FE 6

GN 1

OW tr

FRACTION INTERPRETATION:
fs - Fine Sand 0.1-0.25 mm

MINERAL INTERPRETATION:
BT Biotite	FE Iron Oxides (Goethite	GN Garnet	MS Muscovite	OW Other Weatherable Minerals
QZ Quartz	RA Resistant Aggregates