| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 90MI061004 | ( Houghton, Michigan ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 12:10PM |
| Sampled as on Jan 30, 1990: | Rubicon ; Sandy, mixed Entic Haplorthods |
| Revised to : |
| United States Department of Agriculture | ||||
| SSL | - | Project | CP90MI252 OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST | Natural Resources Conservation Service |
| - | Site ID | S1990MI061004 Lat: 46° 37' 9.00" north Long: 88° 55' 55.00" west MLRA: 93 | National Soil Survey Center | |
| - | Pedon No. | 90P1059 | Soil Survey Laboratory | |
| - | General Methods 1B1A, 2A1, 2B | Lincoln, Nebraska 68508-3866 | ||
| Layer | Horizon | Orig Hzn | Depth (cm) | Field Label 1 | Field Label 2 | Field Label 3 | Field Texture | Lab Texture |
| 90P06508 | E | E | 0-7 | LS | S | |||
| 90P06509 | Bhs | Bhs | 7-12 | LS | S | |||
| 90P06510 | Bs1 | Bs1 | 12-26 | LS | S | |||
| 90P06511 | Bs2 | Bs2 | 26-32 | LS | S | |||
| 90P06512 | Bs3 | Bs3 | 32-46 | S | S | |||
| 90P06513 | BC1 | BC1 | 46-112 | S | S | |||
| 90P06514 | BC2 | BC2 | 112-190 | S | S | |||
| 90P06515 | C | C | 190-210 | S | S | |||
| Pedon Calculations | |||
| Calculation Name | Result | Units of Measure | |
| CEC Activity, CEC7/Clay, Weighted Average | 0.75 | (NA) | |
| Clay, carbonate free, Weighted Average | 2 | % wt | |
| Weighted Particles, 0.1-75mm, 75 mm Base | 96 | % wt | |
| Volume, >2mm, Weighted Average | 2 | % vol | |
| Clay, total, Weighted Average | 2 | % wt | |
| Weighted averages based on control section: 25-100 cm | |||
| PSDA & Rock Fragments | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
| (- - - - - Total - - - - - -) | (- - Clay - - -) | (- - - - Silt - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - Sand - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Rock Fragments (mm) ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Lab | Clay | Silt | Sand | Fine | CO3 | Fine | Coarse | VF | F | M | C | VC | (- - - - - - - - Weight - - - - - - - -) | >2 mm | |||||||
| Text- | < | .002 | .05 | < | < | .002 | .02 | .05 | .10 | .25 | .5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 20 | .1- | wt % | ||||
| Depth | ure | .002 | -.05 | -2 | .0002 | .002 | -.02 | -.05 | -.10 | -.25 | -.50 | -1 | -2 | -5 | -20 | -75 | 75 | whole | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of <2mm Mineral Soil - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - % of <75mm - - - - - -) | soil | |||||||||||||||
| 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3B1 | 3B1 | 3B1 | ||||||||
| 90P06508 | 0-7 | E | S | s | 3.4 | 5.1 | 91.5 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 5.9 | 22.3 | 56.3 | 6.5 | 0.5 | tr | tr | -- | 86 | 2 | ||
| 90P06509 | 7-12 | Bhs | S | s | 1.6 | 1.6 | 96.8 | 1.6 | -- | 5.0 | 20.5 | 57.9 | 12.1 | 1.3 | 1 | 2 | -- | 92 | 5 | ||
| 90P06510 | 12-26 | Bs1 | S | s | 3.3 | 1.6 | 95.1 | tr | 1.6 | 5.0 | 24.1 | 55.7 | 8.3 | 2.0 | 1 | 1 | -- | 90 | 4 | ||
| 90P06511 | 26-32 | Bs2 | S | s | 2.4 | 0.1 | 97.5 | tr | 0.1 | 4.6 | 18.3 | 60.7 | 11.6 | 2.3 | 1 | 1 | -- | 93 | 4 | ||
| 90P06512 | 32-46 | Bs3 | S | s | -- | 0.9 | 99.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 11.4 | 56.4 | 25.9 | 3.5 | 2 | 1 | -- | 97 | 5 | ||
| 90P06513 | 46-112 | BC1 | S | s | 1.6 | 0.3 | 97.8 | tr | 0.6 | 1.8 | 13.9 | 57.3 | 21.9 | 2.9 | 1 | 1 | -- | 96 | 4 | ||
| 90P06514 | 112-190 | BC2 | S | s | 1.4 | 0.4 | 98.2 | tr | 0.4 | 1.2 | 11.2 | 53.7 | 27.7 | 4.4 | 3 | 1 | -- | 97 | 4 | ||
| 90P06515 | 190-210 | C | S | s | 1.6 | 4.4 | 94.0 | tr | 4.4 | 12.2 | 27.4 | 30.5 | 20.2 | 3.7 | 1 | tr | -- | 82 | 1 | ||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 90MI061004 | ( Houghton, Michigan ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 12:10PM |
| Sampled As | : | Rubicon | Sandy, mixed Entic Haplorthods | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 90P1059 | |||
| Bulk Density & Moisture | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
| (Bulk Density) | Cole | (- - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Air Dry-Oven Dry ) | WRD | Aggst | ||||||||||||
| 33 | Oven | Whole | 6 | 10 | 33 | 1500 | 1500 kPa | (- - - - Ratio - - - -) | Whole | Stabl | (- - Ratio/Clay - -) | ||||||
| Depth | kPa | Dry | Soil | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | Moist | Corrected | Soil | 2-0.5mm | CEC7 | 1500 kPa | ||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - g cm-3 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - pct of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm3 cm-3 | % | ||||||||||
| 3C2a1a | 3D1 | 8D1 | 8D1 | ||||||||||||||
| 90P06508 | 0-7 | E | S | 1.9 | 1.001 | 0.26 | 0.56 | ||||||||||
| 90P06509 | 7-12 | Bhs | S | 3.6 | 1.007 | 3.69 | 2.25 | ||||||||||
| 90P06510 | 12-26 | Bs1 | S | 3.4 | 1.006 | 1.30 | 1.03 | ||||||||||
| 90P06511 | 26-32 | Bs2 | S | 2.0 | 1.005 | 1.04 | 0.83 | ||||||||||
| 90P06512 | 32-46 | Bs3 | S | 1.6 | 1.002 | ||||||||||||
| 90P06513 | 46-112 | BC1 | S | 1.2 | 1.002 | 0.63 | 0.75 | ||||||||||
| 90P06514 | 112-190 | BC2 | S | 0.5 | 1.001 | 0.79 | 0.36 | ||||||||||
| 90P06515 | 190-210 | C | S | 0.9 | 1.002 | 0.75 | 0.56 | ||||||||||
| Water Content | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | |||||||
| (- - Atterberg - -) | (- - - - - Bulk Density - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||||||
| (- - - Limits - - -) | Field | Recon | Recon | Field | Recon | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sieved Samples - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||
| LL | PI | 33 | Oven | 33 | 6 | 10 | 33 | 100 | 200 | 500 | ||||||||||
| Depth | kPa | Dry | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | |||||||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | pct <0.4mm | (- - - - - - - - g cm-3 - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||
| 3C1e1a | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 90P06508 | 0-7 | E | S | 2.4 | ||||||||||||||||
| 90P06509 | 7-12 | Bhs | S | 4.1 | ||||||||||||||||
| 90P06510 | 12-26 | Bs1 | S | 3.6 | ||||||||||||||||
| 90P06511 | 26-32 | Bs2 | S | 2.2 | ||||||||||||||||
| 90P06512 | 32-46 | Bs3 | S | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||||
| 90P06513 | 46-112 | BC1 | S | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||||
| 90P06514 | 112-190 | BC2 | S | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||
| 90P06515 | 190-210 | C | S | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 90MI061004 | ( Houghton, Michigan ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 12:10PM |
| Sampled As | : | Rubicon | Sandy, mixed Entic Haplorthods | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 90P1059 | |||
| Carbon & Extractions | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | |||
| (- - - - - Total - - - - -) | Est | OC | C/N | (- - - Dith-Cit Ext - - -) | (- - - - - - Ammonium Oxalate Extraction - - - - - -) | (- - - Na Pyro-Phosphate - - -) | ||||||||||||||||
| Depth | C | N | S | OC | (WB) | Ratio | Fe | Al | Mn | Al+½Fe | ODOE | Fe | Al | Si | Mn | C | Fe | Al | Mn | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - % of <2 mm - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - -) | |||||||||||||||
| 6B3a | 6A1c | 6C2b | 6G7a | 6D2a | 8J | 6C9a | 6G12 | 6V2 | 6D5b | 6C8a | 6G10 | |||||||||||
| 90P06508 | 0-7 | E | S | 0.033 | 0.41 | 0.4 | 0.1 | -- | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | tr | -- | tr | tr | ||||||
| 90P06509 | 7-12 | Bhs | S | 0.060 | 0.98 | 0.7 | 0.3 | tr | 0.38 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.04 | 178.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||||
| 90P06510 | 12-26 | Bs1 | S | 0.042 | 0.94 | 0.5 | 0.4 | tr | 0.45 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.08 | 86.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | ||||||
| 90P06511 | 26-32 | Bs2 | S | 0.40 | 0.4 | 0.2 | -- | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 38.3 | tr | 0.1 | |||||||
| 90P06512 | 32-46 | Bs3 | S | 0.13 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -- | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 19.3 | -- | tr | |||||||
| 90P06513 | 46-112 | BC1 | S | 0.09 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -- | 0.10 | tr | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 87.1 | -- | tr | |||||||
| 90P06514 | 112-190 | BC2 | S | 0.04 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -- | 0.09 | tr | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 9.6 | -- | -- | |||||||
| 90P06515 | 190-210 | C | S | 0.08 | 0.3 | 0.1 | -- | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 19.5 | -- | tr | |||||||
| CEC & Bases | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
| (- - - - - - NH4OAC Extractable Bases - - - - -) | CEC8 | CEC7 | ECEC | (- - - - Base - - - -) | |||||||||||||
| Sum | Acid- | Extr | KCl | Sum | NH4 | Bases | Al | (- Saturation -) | |||||||||
| Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | Bases | ity | Al | Mn | Cats | OAC | +Al | Sat | Sum | NH4OAC | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||
| 6N2e | 6O2d | 6P2b | 6Q2b | 6H5a | 6G9b | 5A3a | 5A8b | 5A3b | 5G1 | 5C3 | 5C1 | ||||||
| 90P06508 | 0-7 | E | S | 0.7* | 0.2 | 0.2 | -- | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 8 | 52 | 100 | |
| 90P06509 | 7-12 | Bhs | S | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -- | 1.3 | 10.4 | 1.2 | 11.7 | 5.9 | 2.5 | 48 | 11 | 22 | |
| 90P06510 | 12-26 | Bs1 | S | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -- | 0.9 | 11.2 | 0.7 | 12.1 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 44 | 7 | 21 | |
| 90P06511 | 26-32 | Bs2 | S | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -- | 0.8 | 5.8 | 0.1 | 6.6 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 11 | 12 | 32 | |
| 90P06512 | 32-46 | Bs3 | S | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -- | 0.8 | 1.0 | -- | 1.8 | 1.2 | 44 | 67 | |||
| 90P06513 | 46-112 | BC1 | S | 0.6* | 0.1 | 0.3 | -- | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 9 | 50 | 100 | |
| 90P06514 | 112-190 | BC2 | S | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -- | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 11 | 62 | 73 | |
| 90P06515 | 190-210 | C | S | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | tr | 1.1 | 0.7 | tr | 1.8 | 1.2 | 61 | 92 | |||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 90MI061004 | ( Houghton, Michigan ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 12:10PM |
| Sampled As | : | Rubicon | Sandy, mixed Entic Haplorthods | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 90P1059 | |||
| Salt | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | -20- | |||
| (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Extracted From Saturated Paste - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | 1:2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Elec | Elec | Exch | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | CO3 | HCO3 | F | Cl | PO4 | Br | OAC | SO4 | NO2 | NO3 | H2O | Salts | Cond | Cond | Na | SAR | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - mmol(+) L-1 - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mmol(-) L-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - % - - - -) | (- - dS m-1 - -) | % | |||||||||||||||
| 90P06508 | 0-7 | E | S | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 90P06509 | 7-12 | Bhs | S | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 90P06510 | 12-26 | Bs1 | S | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 90P06511 | 26-32 | Bs2 | S | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 90P06512 | 32-46 | Bs3 | S | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 90P06513 | 46-112 | BC1 | S | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 90P06514 | 112-190 | BC2 | S | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 90P06515 | 190-210 | C | S | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||
| pH & Carbonates | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | |||
| (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - Carbonate - -) | (- - Gypsum - - -) | ||||||||||||
| CaCl2 | As CaCO3 | As CaSO4*2H2O | Resist | |||||||||||
| Depth | 0.01M | H2O | Sat | <2mm | <20mm | <2mm | <20mm | ohms | ||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | KCl | 1:2 | 1:1 | Paste | Oxid | NaF | (- - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm-1 | |||
| 4C1a2a | 4C1a2a | 4C1a1a1 | ||||||||||||
| 90P06508 | 0-7 | E | S | 3.9 | 4.3 | 7.9 | ||||||||
| 90P06509 | 7-12 | Bhs | S | 4.3 | 4.5 | 10.5 | ||||||||
| 90P06510 | 12-26 | Bs1 | S | 4.5 | 4.7 | 10.9 | ||||||||
| 90P06511 | 26-32 | Bs2 | S | 4.7 | 5.1 | 10.6 | ||||||||
| 90P06512 | 32-46 | Bs3 | S | 4.9 | 5.3 | 10.4 | ||||||||
| 90P06513 | 46-112 | BC1 | S | 5.0 | 5.4 | 10.1 | ||||||||
| 90P06514 | 112-190 | BC2 | S | 5.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | ||||||||
| 90P06515 | 190-210 | C | S | 4.9 | 5.2 | 10.0 | ||||||||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 90MI061004 | ( Houghton, Michigan ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 12:10PM |
| Sampled As | : | Rubicon | Sandy, mixed Entic Haplorthods | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 90P1059 | |||
| Phosphorus | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | |||
| (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Phosphorus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | KCl | ||||||||||||||
| Melanic | NZ | Acid | Anion Exch Resin | Bray | Bray | Olsen | H2O | Citric | Mehlich | Extr | |||||
| Depth | Index | Oxal | Available | Capacity | 1 | 2 | Acid | III | NO3 | ||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | % | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mg kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||
| 6S4 | |||||||||||||||
| 90P06508 | 0-7 | E | S | 7 | |||||||||||
| 90P06509 | 7-12 | Bhs | S | 32 | |||||||||||
| 90P06510 | 12-26 | Bs1 | S | 36 | |||||||||||
| 90P06511 | 26-32 | Bs2 | S | 25 | |||||||||||
| 90P06512 | 32-46 | Bs3 | S | 17 | |||||||||||
| 90P06513 | 46-112 | BC1 | S | 13 | |||||||||||
| 90P06514 | 112-190 | BC2 | S | 10 | |||||||||||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 90MI061004 | ( Houghton, Michigan ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 12:10PM |
| Sampled As | : | Rubicon | Sandy, mixed Entic Haplorthods | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 90P1059 | |||
| Clay Mineralogy (<.002 mm) | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
| X-Ray | Thermal | Elemental | EGME | Inter | |||||||||||||||||
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | K2O | Na2O | Retn | preta | |||||||||||||
| Depth | Fract | 7A2i | 7C3 | tion | |||||||||||||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | ion | ( - - - - - - - - - peak size - - - - - - - - - - ) | (- - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg g-1 | ||||||||||||||
| 90P06511 | 26.0-32.0 | Bs2 | tcly | MI 1 | 11 | 3.1 | -- | ||||||||||||||
| FRACTION INTERPRETATION: | ||||
| tcly - Total Clay <0.002 mm | ||||
| MINERAL INTERPRETATION: | ||||
| MI Mica | ||||
| RELATIVE PEAK SIZE: | 5 Very Large | 4 Large | 3 Medium | 2 Small | 1 Very Small | 6 No Peaks |
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 90MI061004 | ( Houghton, Michigan ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 12:10PM |
| Sampled As | : | Rubicon | Sandy, mixed Entic Haplorthods | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 90P1059 | |||
| Sand - Silt Mineralogy (2.0-0.002 mm) | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
| X-Ray | Thermal | Optical | EGME | Inter | |||||||||||||||||
| Tot Re | Grain Count | Retn | preta | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depth | Fract | 7B1a2 | tion | ||||||||||||||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | ion | ( - - - - - - - - peak size - - - - - - - - - ) | (- - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg g-1 | ||||||||||||||
| 90P06515 | 190.0-210.0 | C | fs | 81 | QZ 78 | FD 16 | OP 2 | FK 1 | PR 1 | RA 1 | |||||||||||
| OR tr | GN tr | BT tr | FP tr | ||||||||||||||||||
| FRACTION INTERPRETATION: | ||||
| fs - Fine Sand 0.1-0.25 mm | ||||
| MINERAL INTERPRETATION: | ||||
| BT Biotite | FD Feldspar | FK Potassium Feldspar | FP Plagioclase Feldspar | GN Garnet |
| OP Opaques | OR Other Resistant Minerals | PR Pyroxene | QZ Quartz | RA Resistant Aggregates |