| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 98NM031001 | ( McKinley, New Mexico ) | Print Date: Feb 16 2025 5:18AM |
| Sampled as on Dec 17, 1998: | Penistaja ; Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplargid |
| Revised to correlated on Jun 1, 2001: | Tintero ; Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplargid |
| United States Department of Agriculture | ||||
| SSL | - | Project | RP99NM144 MCKINLEY COUNTY | Natural Resources Conservation Service |
| - | Site ID | S1998NM031001 Lat: 35° 18' 25.00" north Long: 107° 54' 44.99" west MLRA: 36 | National Soil Survey Center | |
| - | Pedon No. | 99P0495 | Soil Survey Laboratory | |
| - | General Methods 1B1A, 2A1, 2B | Lincoln, Nebraska 68508-3866 | ||
| Layer | Horizon | Orig Hzn | Depth (cm) | Field Label 1 | Field Label 2 | Field Label 3 | Field Texture | Lab Texture |
| 99P03249 | A | A | 0-5 | SIL | LS | |||
| 99P03250 | Bt1 | Bt1 | 5-18 | SCL | FSL | |||
| 99P03251 | Bt2 | Bt2 | 18-36 | SCL | FSL | |||
| 99P03252 | Btk1 | Btk1 | 36-75 | SCL | FSL | |||
| 99P03253 | Btk2 | Btk2 | 75-117 | SIL | FSL | |||
| 99P03254 | Btk3 | Btk3 | 117-157 | SIL | FSL | |||
| 99P03255 | Btk4 | Btk4 | 157-178 | SIL | FSL | |||
| Pedon Calculations | |||
| Calculation Name | Result | Units of Measure | |
| CEC Activity, CEC7/Clay, Weighted Average | 0.8 | (NA) | |
| Clay, carbonate free, Weighted Average | 16 | % wt | |
| Weighted Particles, 0.1-75mm, 75 mm Base | 67 | % wt | |
| Volume, >2mm, Weighted Average | 0 | % vol | |
| Clay, total, Weighted Average | 16 | % wt | |
| Weighted averages based on control section: 5-55 cm | |||
| PSDA & Rock Fragments | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
| (- - - - - Total - - - - - -) | (- - Clay - - -) | (- - - - Silt - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - Sand - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Rock Fragments (mm) ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Lab | Clay | Silt | Sand | Fine | CO3 | Fine | Coarse | VF | F | M | C | VC | (- - - - - - - - Weight - - - - - - - -) | >2 mm | |||||||
| Text- | < | .002 | .05 | < | < | .002 | .02 | .05 | .10 | .25 | .5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 20 | .1- | wt % | ||||
| Depth | ure | .002 | -.05 | -2 | .0002 | .002 | -.02 | -.05 | -.10 | -.25 | -.50 | -1 | -2 | -5 | -20 | -75 | 75 | whole | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of <2mm Mineral Soil - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - % of <75mm - - - - - -) | soil | |||||||||||||||
| 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3B1 | 3B1 | 3B1 | ||||||
| 99P03249 | 0-5 | A | S | ls | 7.2 | 12.2 | 80.6 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 7.5 | 13.4 | 37.9 | 26.4 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 1 | -- | -- | 68 | 1 | |
| 99P03250 | 5-18 | Bt1 | S | fsl | 17.7 | 6.4 | 75.9 | 13.0 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 7.8 | 36.7 | 29.9 | 1.4 | 0.1 | -- | -- | -- | 68 | -- | |
| 99P03251 | 18-36 | Bt2 | S | fsl | 15.2 | 6.8 | 78.0 | 8.7 | 2.0 | 4.8 | 10.7 | 40.8 | 25.5 | 1.0 | tr | -- | -- | -- | 67 | -- | |
| 99P03252 | 36-75 | Btk1 | S | fsl | 15.4 | 10.0 | 74.6 | 7.5 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 5.8 | 9.1 | 41.9 | 22.4 | 1.2 | tr | -- | -- | -- | 66 | -- |
| 99P03253 | 75-117 | Btk2 | S | fsl | 16.9 | 10.1 | 73.0 | 8.0 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 6.3 | 17.2 | 38.5 | 15.9 | 1.3 | 0.1 | -- | -- | -- | 56 | -- |
| 99P03254 | 117-157 | Btk3 | S | fsl | 15.8 | 10.6 | 73.6 | 7.1 | 0.7 | 4.0 | 6.6 | 16.6 | 35.1 | 20.2 | 1.6 | 0.1 | tr | -- | -- | 57 | tr |
| 99P03255 | 157-178 | Btk4 | S | fsl | 18.2 | 11.1 | 70.7 | 8.3 | 3.2 | 6.1 | 5.0 | 10.4 | 30.1 | 23.5 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 2 | 1 | -- | 61 | 3 |
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 98NM031001 | ( McKinley, New Mexico ) | Print Date: Feb 16 2025 5:18AM |
| Sampled As | : | Penistaja | Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplargid | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 99P0495 | |||
| Bulk Density & Moisture | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
| (Bulk Density) | Cole | (- - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Air Dry-Oven Dry ) | WRD | Aggst | ||||||||||||
| 33 | Oven | Whole | 6 | 10 | 33 | 1500 | 1500 kPa | (- - - - Ratio - - - -) | Whole | Stabl | (- - Ratio/Clay - -) | ||||||
| Depth | kPa | Dry | Soil | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | Moist | Corrected | Soil | 2-0.5mm | CEC7 | 1500 kPa | ||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - g cm-3 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - pct of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm3 cm-3 | % | ||||||||||
| 4A1d | 4A1h | 4B1c | 3C2a1a | 3D1 | 4C1 | 8D1 | 8D1 | ||||||||||
| 99P03249 | 0-5 | A | S | 3.2 | 1.010 | 0.86 | 0.44 | ||||||||||
| 99P03250 | 5-18 | Bt1 | S | 1.53 | 1.65 | 0.025 | 16.3 | 7.1 | 1.024 | 0.14 | 0.83 | 0.40 | |||||
| 99P03251 | 18-36 | Bt2 | S | 1.62 | 1.73 | 0.022 | 14.1 | 5.6 | 1.019 | 0.14 | 0.79 | 0.37 | |||||
| 99P03252 | 36-75 | Btk1 | S | 1.60 | 1.75 | 0.030 | 13.7 | 5.6 | 1.019 | 0.13 | 0.73 | 0.36 | |||||
| 99P03253 | 75-117 | Btk2 | S | 1.49 | 1.58 | 0.020 | 14.3 | 6.4 | 1.020 | 0.12 | 0.72 | 0.38 | |||||
| 99P03254 | 117-157 | Btk3 | S | 1.56 | 1.73 | 0.035 | 14.9 | 6.1 | 1.020 | 0.14 | 0.75 | 0.39 | |||||
| 99P03255 | 157-178 | Btk4 | S | 1.54 | 1.67 | 0.027 | 13.3 | 6.4 | 1.021 | 0.11 | 0.73 | 0.35 | |||||
| Carbon & Extractions | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | |||
| (- - - - - Total - - - - -) | Est | OC | C/N | (- - - Dith-Cit Ext - - -) | (- - - - - - Ammonium Oxalate Extraction - - - - - -) | (- - - Na Pyro-Phosphate - - -) | ||||||||||||||||
| Depth | C | N | S | OC | (WB) | Ratio | Fe | Al | Mn | Al+½Fe | ODOE | Fe | Al | Si | Mn | C | Fe | Al | Mn | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - % of <2 mm - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - -) | |||||||||||||||
| 6A2e | 6B4a | 6R3c | 8J1c | 6C9b | 6G12b | 6V2b | 6D5b | |||||||||||||||
| 99P03249 | 0-5 | A | S | 0.34 | 0.044 | 0.01 | 0.3 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 85.0 | |||||||||
| 99P03250 | 5-18 | Bt1 | S | 0.49 | 0.057 | 0.02 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 64.0 | |||||||||
| 99P03251 | 18-36 | Bt2 | S | 0.16 | 0.015 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 65.0 | |||||||||
| 99P03252 | 36-75 | Btk1 | S | 0.40 | 0.009 | 0.01 | -- | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 65.0 | |||||||||
| 99P03253 | 75-117 | Btk2 | S | 0.39 | 0.019 | 0.01 | tr | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 76.0 | |||||||||
| 99P03254 | 117-157 | Btk3 | S | 0.35 | 0.009 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 75.0 | |||||||||
| 99P03255 | 157-178 | Btk4 | S | 0.72 | 0.007 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 75.0 | |||||||||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 98NM031001 | ( McKinley, New Mexico ) | Print Date: Feb 16 2025 5:18AM |
| Sampled As | : | Penistaja | Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplargid | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 99P0495 | |||
| CEC & Bases | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
| (- - - - - - NH4OAC Extractable Bases - - - - -) | CEC8 | CEC7 | ECEC | (- - - - Base - - - -) | |||||||||||||
| Sum | Acid- | Extr | KCl | Sum | NH4 | Bases | Al | (- Saturation -) | |||||||||
| Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | Bases | ity | Al | Mn | Cats | OAC | +Al | Sat | Sum | NH4OAC | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||
| 6N2i | 6O2h | 6P2f | 6Q2f | 6H5a | 5A3a | 5A8b | 5C3 | 5C1 | |||||||||
| 99P03249 | 0-5 | A | S | 3.3 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 5.6 | 1.6 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 78 | 90 | ||||
| 99P03250 | 5-18 | Bt1 | S | 8.8 | 4.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 14.0 | 1.4 | 15.4 | 14.7 | 91 | 95 | ||||
| 99P03251 | 18-36 | Bt2 | S | 14.4* | 4.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 19.4 | -- | 19.4 | 12.0 | 100 | 100 | ||||
| 99P03252 | 36-75 | Btk1 | S | 26.9* | 5.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 11.3 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
| 99P03253 | 75-117 | Btk2 | S | 35.1* | 5.1 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 12.2 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
| 99P03254 | 117-157 | Btk3 | S | 35.0* | 4.5 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 11.8 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
| 99P03255 | 157-178 | Btk4 | S | 42.3* | 4.9 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 13.2 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
| Salt | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | -20- | |||
| (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Extracted From Saturated Paste - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | 1:2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Elec | Elec | Exch | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | CO3 | HCO3 | F | Cl | PO4 | Br | OAC | SO4 | NO2 | NO3 | H2O | Salts | Cond | Cond | Na | SAR | |||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - mmol(+) L-1 - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mmol(-) L-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - % - - - -) | (- - dS m-1 - -) | % | |||||||||||||||
| 6N1d | 6O1d | 6P1d | 6Q1d | 6I1b | 6J1b | 6U1c | 6K1e | 6L1e | 6W1c | 6M1e | 8A | 8D5 | 8A3a | 4F1a1a1 | 5E | ||||||||
| 99P03249 | 0-5 | A | S | 2.8 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 | -- | 1.3 | -- | 0.2 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 24.5 | tr | 0.63 | 0.35 | 3 | tr | |||
| 99P03250 | 5-18 | Bt1 | S | 0.06 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 99P03251 | 18-36 | Bt2 | S | 0.09 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 99P03252 | 36-75 | Btk1 | S | 0.14 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 99P03253 | 75-117 | Btk2 | S | 0.8 | 0.4 | 5.8 | 0.1 | -- | 3.1 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | tr | tr | 28.4 | tr | 0.84 | 0.25 | 12 | 7 | |||
| 99P03254 | 117-157 | Btk3 | S | 2.5 | 1.6 | 12.7 | 0.1 | -- | 1.8 | -- | 6.4 | 8.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 34.4 | tr | 1.84 | 0.44 | 11 | 9 | |||
| 99P03255 | 157-178 | Btk4 | S | 4.1 | 2.5 | 16.2 | 0.1 | -- | 1.7 | tr | 11.1 | 10.0 | -- | 0.1 | 32.7 | 0.1 | 2.51 | 0.56 | 11 | 9 | |||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 98NM031001 | ( McKinley, New Mexico ) | Print Date: Feb 16 2025 5:18AM |
| Sampled As | : | Penistaja | Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplargid | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 99P0495 | |||
| pH & Carbonates | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | |||
| (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - Carbonate - -) | (- - Gypsum - - -) | ||||||||||||
| CaCl2 | As CaCO3 | As CaSO4*2H2O | Resist | |||||||||||
| Depth | 0.01M | H2O | Sat | <2mm | <20mm | <2mm | <20mm | ohms | ||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | KCl | 1:2 | 1:1 | Paste | Oxid | NaF | (- - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm-1 | |||
| 4C1a2a | 4C1a2a | 8C1b | 4C1a1a1 | 4E1a1a1a1 | 4E2a1a1a1 | |||||||||
| 99P03249 | 0-5 | A | S | 5.9 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 8.6 | |||||||
| 99P03250 | 5-18 | Bt1 | S | 7.0 | 7.6 | 9.7 | -- | |||||||
| 99P03251 | 18-36 | Bt2 | S | 7.9 | 8.6 | 10.2 | tr | |||||||
| 99P03252 | 36-75 | Btk1 | S | 8.1 | 9.0 | 10.6 | 3 | |||||||
| 99P03253 | 75-117 | Btk2 | S | 8.2 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 10.6 | 3 | ||||||
| 99P03254 | 117-157 | Btk3 | S | 8.1 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 10.6 | 2 | ||||||
| 99P03255 | 157-178 | Btk4 | S | 8.1 | 8.7 | 8.0 | 10.8 | 5 | -- | |||||
| Phosphorus | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | |||
| (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Phosphorus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | KCl | ||||||||||||||
| Melanic | NZ | Acid | Anion Exch Resin | Bray | Bray | Olsen | H2O | Citric | Mehlich | Extr | |||||
| Depth | Index | Oxal | Available | Capacity | 1 | 2 | Acid | III | NO3 | ||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | % | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mg kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||
| 6S4d | 6S8a | 6S3b | |||||||||||||
| 99P03249 | 0-5 | A | S | 56 | 43.0 | 25.0 | |||||||||
| 99P03250 | 5-18 | Bt1 | S | 21 | 64.0 | ||||||||||
| 99P03251 | 18-36 | Bt2 | S | 21 | 54.0 | ||||||||||
| 99P03252 | 36-75 | Btk1 | S | 15 | 97.0 | ||||||||||
| 99P03253 | 75-117 | Btk2 | S | 24 | 119.0 | ||||||||||
| 99P03254 | 117-157 | Btk3 | S | 24 | 108.0 | ||||||||||
| 99P03255 | 157-178 | Btk4 | S | 25 | 22.0 | ||||||||||
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 98NM031001 | ( McKinley, New Mexico ) | Print Date: Feb 16 2025 5:18AM |
| Sampled As | : | Penistaja | Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplargid | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 99P0495 | |||
| Clay Mineralogy (<.002 mm) | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
| X-Ray | Thermal | Elemental | EGME | Inter | |||||||||||||||||
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | K2O | Na2O | Retn | preta | |||||||||||||
| Depth | Fract | 7A2i | tion | ||||||||||||||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | ion | ( - - - - - - - - - peak size - - - - - - - - - - ) | (- - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg g-1 | ||||||||||||||
| 99P03249 | 0.0-5.0 | A | tcly | KK 3 | CL 2 | MI 2 | QZ 2 | ||||||||||||||
| 99P03251 | 18.0-36.0 | Bt2 | tcly | MT 3 | KK 2 | MI 2 | CL 2 | QZ 2 | |||||||||||||
| 99P03253 | 75.0-117.0 | Btk2 | tcly | MT 3 | KK 2 | CL 2 | CA 2 | MI 2 | |||||||||||||
| QZ 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 99P03255 | 157.0-178.0 | Btk4 | tcly | MT 3 | CA 3 | KK 2 | QZ 2 | MI 1 | |||||||||||||
| FRACTION INTERPRETATION: | ||||
| tcly - Total Clay <0.002 mm | ||||
| MINERAL INTERPRETATION: | ||||
| CA Calcite | CL Chlorite | KK Kaolinite | MI Mica | MT Montmorillonite |
| QZ Quartz | ||||
| RELATIVE PEAK SIZE: | 5 Very Large | 4 Large | 3 Medium | 2 Small | 1 Very Small | 6 No Peaks |
| *** Primary Characterization Data *** |
| Pedon ID: 98NM031001 | ( McKinley, New Mexico ) | Print Date: Feb 16 2025 5:18AM |
| Sampled As | : | Penistaja | Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplargid | ||
| USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 99P0495 | |||
| Sand - Silt Mineralogy (2.0-0.002 mm) | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
| X-Ray | Thermal | Optical | EGME | Inter | |||||||||||||||||
| Tot Re | Grain Count | Retn | preta | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depth | Fract | 7B1a2 | tion | ||||||||||||||||||
| Layer | (cm) | Horz | ion | ( - - - - - - - - peak size - - - - - - - - - ) | (- - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg g-1 | ||||||||||||||
| 99P03249 | 0.0-5.0 | A | fs | 90 | QZ 82 | FK 10 | CD 8 | OP tr | |||||||||||||
| 99P03251 | 18.0-36.0 | Bt2 | fs | 92 | QZ 84 | FK 8 | CD 6 | FE 2 | PR tr | MS tr | |||||||||||
| TM tr | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 99P03253 | 75.0-117.0 | Btk2 | fs | 90 | QZ 80 | FK 10 | CD 10 | TM tr | CA tr | CB tr | |||||||||||
| PR tr | BT tr | FZ tr | |||||||||||||||||||
| 99P03255 | 157.0-178.0 | Btk4 | fs | 89 | QZ 78 | CD 11 | FK 8 | CA 1 | CB 1 | FE tr | |||||||||||
| OP tr | MS tr | ||||||||||||||||||||
| FRACTION INTERPRETATION: | ||||
| fs - Fine Sand 0.1-0.25 mm | ||||
| MINERAL INTERPRETATION: | ||||
| BT Biotite | CA Calcite | CB Carbonate Aggregates | CD Chert (Chalcedony | FE Iron Oxides (Goethite |
| FK Potassium Feldspar | FZ Feldspathoids | MS Muscovite | OP Opaques | PR Pyroxene |
| QZ Quartz | TM Tourmaline | |||