*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2002MO109001 | ( Lawrence, Missouri ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 2:23PM |
Sampled as on Mar 25, 2002: | Hoberg |
Revised to correlated: | Paintbrush ; Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Paleudalfs |
United States Department of Agriculture | ||||
SSL | - | Project | I2002USMO108 Climate Monitoring Station, SNOTEL/SCAN | Natural Resources Conservation Service |
- | Site ID | S2002MO109001 Lat: 37° 4' 14.69" north Long: 93° 52' 48.51" west MLRA: 116B | National Soil Survey Center | |
- | Pedon No. | 02N0200 | Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory | |
- | General Methods 1B1A, 2A1, 2B | Lincoln, Nebraska 68508-3866 |
Layer | Horizon | Orig Hzn | Depth (cm) | Field Label 1 | Field Label 2 | Field Label 3 | Field Texture | Lab Texture |
02N00932 | Ap | Ap | 0-15 | S02MO-109-001-1 | SCAN SITE | SW MISSOURI RESEARCH CTR. | SIL | SIL |
02N00933 | A | A | 15-28 | S02MO-109-001-2 | SCAN SITE | SW MISSOURI RESEARCH CTR. | SIL | SIL |
02N00934 | Bt1 | Bt1 | 28-35 | S02MO-109-001-3 | SCAN SITE | SW MISSOURI RESEARCH CTR. | SICL | SIL |
02N00935 | Bt2 | Bt2 | 35-58 | S02MO-109-001-4 | SCAN SITE | SW MISSOURI RESEARCH CTR. | C | SIC |
02N00936 | 2Btx1 | 2Btx1 | 58-89 | S02MO-109-001-5 | SCAN SITE | SW MISSOURI RESEARCH CTR. | CBV-SIL | SIL |
02N00937 | 2Btx2 | 2Btx2 | 89-104 | S02MO-109-001-6 | SCAN SITE | SW MISSOURI RESEARCH CTR. | GR-SICL | SIL |
02N00938 | 3Bt1 | 3Bt1 | 104-160 | S02MO-109-001-7 | SCAN SITE | SW MISSOURI RESEARCH CTR. | CB-C | C |
02N00939 | 3Bt2 | 3Bt2 | 160-231 | S02MO-109-001-8 | SCAN SITE | SW MISSOURI RESEARCH CTR. | ST-C | C |
Pedon Calculations | |||
Calculation Name | Result | Units of Measure | |
LE, Whole Soil, Summed to 1m | 2 | cm/m | |
Weighted averages based on control section: 28-79 cm |
PSDA & Rock Fragments | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
(- - - - - Total - - - - - -) | (- - Clay - - -) | (- - - - Silt - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - Sand - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Rock Fragments (mm) ) | |||||||||||||||||
Lab | Clay | Silt | Sand | Fine | CO3 | Fine | Coarse | VF | F | M | C | VC | (- - - - - - - - Weight - - - - - - - -) | >2 mm | |||||||
Text- | < | .002 | .05 | < | < | .002 | .02 | .05 | .10 | .25 | .5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 20 | .1- | wt % | ||||
Depth | ure | .002 | -.05 | -2 | .0002 | .002 | -.02 | -.05 | -.10 | -.25 | -.50 | -1 | -2 | -5 | -20 | -75 | 75 | whole | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of <2mm Mineral Soil - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - % of <75mm - - - - - -) | soil | |||||||||||||||
3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | ||||||||||||||
02N00932 | 0-15 | Ap | S | sil | 14.0 | 77.2 | 8.8 | 7.1 | 43.1 | 34.1 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 1.1 | -- | -- | -- | 7 | -- | |
02N00933 | 15-28 | A | S | sil | 17.2 | 74.9 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 43.9 | 31.0 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 21 | 16 | |
02N00934 | 28-35 | Bt1 | S | sil | 25.9 | 66.1 | 8.0 | 14.7 | 40.3 | 25.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 4 | 13 | 1 | 23 | 18 | |
02N00935 | 35-58 | Bt2 | S | sic | 50.6 | 42.3 | 7.1 | 39.1 | 24.6 | 17.7 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 6 | 16 | 13 | 39 | 35 | |
02N00936 | 58-89 | 2Btx1 | S | sil | 23.5 | 65.2 | 11.3 | 13.6 | 36.2 | 29.0 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 5 | 31 | 31 | 70 | 67 | |
02N00937 | 89-104 | 2Btx2 | S | sil | 24.9 | 55.5 | 19.6 | 13.4 | 29.1 | 26.4 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 4 | 36 | 17 | 64 | 57 | |
02N00938 | 104-160 | 3Bt1 | S | c | 67.0 | 23.6 | 9.4 | 52.0 | 15.6 | 8.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 33 | 28 | |
02N00939 | 160-231 | 3Bt2 | S | c | 89.4 | 7.0 | 3.6 | 74.0 | 6.8 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | tr | 14 | 26 | 42 | 40 |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2002MO109001 | ( Lawrence, Missouri ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 2:23PM |
Sampled As | : | Hoberg | |||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 02N0200 |
Bulk Density & Moisture | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
(Bulk Density) | Cole | (- - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Air Dry-Oven Dry ) | WRD | Aggst | ||||||||||||
33 | Oven | Whole | 6 | 10 | 33 | 1500 | 1500 kPa | (- - - - Ratio - - - -) | Whole | Stabl | (- - Ratio/Clay - -) | ||||||
Depth | kPa | Dry | Soil | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | Moist | Corrected | Soil | 2-0.5mm | CEC7 | 1500 kPa | ||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - g cm-3 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - pct of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm3 cm-3 | % | ||||||||||
DbWR1 | DbWR1 | DbWR1 | DbWR1 | 3C2a1a | 3D1 | ||||||||||||
02N00932 | 0-15 | Ap | S | 1.36 | 1.42 | 0.014 | 29.6 | 27.2 | 9.0 | 1.014 | 0.25 | 0.89 | 0.64 | ||||
02N00933 | 15-28 | A | S | 1.34 | 1.40 | 0.013 | 28.5 | 26.1 | 7.4 | 1.013 | 0.23 | 0.60 | 0.43 | ||||
02N00934 | 28-35 | Bt1 | S | 1.24 | 1.38 | 0.033 | 32.3 | 30.4 | 10.8 | 1.018 | 0.22 | 0.47 | 0.42 | ||||
02N00935 | 35-58 | Bt2 | S | 1.18 | 1.54 | 0.072 | 40.6 | 39.3 | 21.3 | 1.043 | 0.17 | 0.51 | 0.42 | ||||
02N00936 | 58-89 | 2Btx1 | S | 1.30 | 1.31 | 0.001 | 32.1 | 31.3 | 9.3 | 1.015 | 0.14 | 0.40 | 0.40 | ||||
02N00937 | 89-104 | 2Btx2 | S | 1.43 | 1.48 | 0.007 | 25.6 | 24.7 | 9.3 | 1.012 | 0.13 | 0.31 | 0.37 | ||||
02N00938 | 104-160 | 3Bt1 | S | 1.08 | 1.31 | 0.056 | 48.6 | 47.4 | 23.2 | 1.033 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.35 | ||||
02N00939 | 160-231 | 3Bt2 | S | 1.18 | 1.47 | 0.056 | 43.0 | 42.0 | 34.0 | 1.043 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.38 |
Water Content | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | |||||||
(- - Atterberg - -) | (- - - - - Bulk Density - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||||||
(- - - Limits - - -) | Field | Recon | Recon | Field | Recon | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sieved Samples - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||
LL | PI | 33 | Oven | 33 | 6 | 10 | 33 | 100 | 200 | 500 | ||||||||||
Depth | kPa | Dry | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | |||||||||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | pct <0.4mm | (- - - - - - - - g cm-3 - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||
3C1e1a | ||||||||||||||||||||
02N00932 | 0-15 | Ap | S | 13.7 | ||||||||||||||||
02N00933 | 15-28 | A | S | 13.2 | ||||||||||||||||
02N00934 | 28-35 | Bt1 | S | 16.8 | ||||||||||||||||
02N00935 | 35-58 | Bt2 | S | 28.0 | ||||||||||||||||
02N00936 | 58-89 | 2Btx1 | S | 15.1 | ||||||||||||||||
02N00937 | 89-104 | 2Btx2 | S | 15.0 | ||||||||||||||||
02N00938 | 104-160 | 3Bt1 | S | 28.2 | ||||||||||||||||
02N00939 | 160-231 | 3Bt2 | S | 39.7 |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2002MO109001 | ( Lawrence, Missouri ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 2:23PM |
Sampled As | : | Hoberg | |||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 02N0200 |
Carbon & Extractions | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | |||
(- - - - - Total - - - - -) | Est | OC | C/N | (- - - Dith-Cit Ext - - -) | (- - - - - - Ammonium Oxalate Extraction - - - - - -) | (- - - Na Pyro-Phosphate - - -) | ||||||||||||||||
Depth | C | N | S | OC | (WB) | Ratio | Fe | Al | Mn | Al+½Fe | ODOE | Fe | Al | Si | Mn | C | Fe | Al | Mn | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - % of <2 mm - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - -) | |||||||||||||||
4H2a | 4H2a | 4H2a | 4G1 | 4G1 | 4G1 | |||||||||||||||||
02N00932 | 0-15 | Ap | S | 2.30 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 2.3 | 9 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||||||||||
02N00933 | 15-28 | A | S | 1.00 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 1.0 | 8 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |||||||||||
02N00934 | 28-35 | Bt1 | S | 0.67 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.7 | 9 | 1.0 | 0.2 | tr | |||||||||||
02N00935 | 35-58 | Bt2 | S | 0.67 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.7 | 7 | 1.7 | 0.4 | -- | |||||||||||
02N00936 | 58-89 | 2Btx1 | S | 0.16 | 0.05 | tr | 0.2 | 3 | 0.7 | 0.2 | -- | |||||||||||
02N00937 | 89-104 | 2Btx2 | S | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | -- | |||||||||||
02N00938 | 104-160 | 3Bt1 | S | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 3 | 3.3 | 0.2 | -- | |||||||||||
02N00939 | 160-231 | 3Bt2 | S | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 3 | 4.7 | 0.3 | tr |
CEC & Bases | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
(- - - - - - NH4OAC Extractable Bases - - - - -) | CEC8 | CEC7 | ECEC | (- - - - Base - - - -) | |||||||||||||
Sum | Acid- | Extr | KCl | Sum | NH4 | Bases | Al | (- Saturation -) | |||||||||
Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | Bases | ity | Al | Mn | Cats | OAC | +Al | Sat | Sum | NH4OAC | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||
4B1a1 | 4B1a1 | 4B1a1 | 4B1a1 | 4B2a1a1 | 4B3a1a | 4B3a1a | 4B1a1 | ||||||||||
02N00932 | 0-15 | Ap | S | 7.4 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 9.3 | 5.6 | 14.9 | 12.4 | 62 | 75 | ||||
02N00933 | 15-28 | A | S | 6.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 7.1 | 5.1 | 12.2 | 10.3 | 58 | 69 | ||||
02N00934 | 28-35 | Bt1 | S | 6.9 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 9.0 | 5.6 | 14.6 | 12.2 | 62 | 74 | ||||
02N00935 | 35-58 | Bt2 | S | 8.1 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 12.6 | 17.1 | 6.1 | -- | 29.7 | 25.9 | 18.7 | 33 | 42 | 49 |
02N00936 | 58-89 | 2Btx1 | S | 8.5 | 4.6 | -- | |||||||||||
02N00937 | 89-104 | 2Btx2 | S | 7.7 | 3.6 | -- | |||||||||||
02N00938 | 104-160 | 3Bt1 | S | 14.5 | 7.0 | -- | |||||||||||
02N00939 | 160-231 | 3Bt2 | S | 17.2 | 7.0 | 0.4 |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2002MO109001 | ( Lawrence, Missouri ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 2:23PM |
Sampled As | : | Hoberg | |||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 02N0200 |
CEC & Bases | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
(- - - - - - NH4OAC Extractable Bases - - - - -) | CEC8 | CEC7 | ECEC | (- - - - Base - - - -) | |||||||||||||
Sum | Acid- | Extr | KCl | Sum | NH4 | Bases | Al | (- Saturation -) | |||||||||
Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | Bases | ity | Al | Mn | Cats | OAC | +Al | Sat | Sum | NH4OAC | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||
4B1a1a | 4B1a1a | 4B1a1a | 4B1a1a | 4B1a1a | |||||||||||||
02N00936 | 58-89 | 2Btx1 | S | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 3.3 | 11.8 | 9.5 | 7.9 | 58 | 28 | 35 | |||
02N00937 | 89-104 | 2Btx2 | S | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 10.1 | 7.7 | 6.0 | 60 | 24 | 31 | |||
02N00938 | 104-160 | 3Bt1 | S | 2.2 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 5.5 | 20.0 | 16.6 | 12.5 | 56 | 28 | 33 | |||
02N00939 | 160-231 | 3Bt2 | S | 3.8 | 4.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 8.8 | 26.0 | 20.6 | 15.8 | 44 | 34 | 43 |
Salt | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | -20- | |||
(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Extracted From Saturated Paste - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | 1:2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Elec | Elec | Exch | ||||||||||||||||||||
Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | CO3 | HCO3 | F | Cl | PO4 | Br | OAC | SO4 | NO2 | NO3 | H2O | Salts | Cond | Cond | Na | SAR | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - mmol(+) L-1 - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mmol(-) L-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - % - - - -) | (- - dS m-1 - -) | % | |||||||||||||||
02N00932 | 0-15 | Ap | S | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
02N00933 | 15-28 | A | S | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
02N00934 | 28-35 | Bt1 | S | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
02N00935 | 35-58 | Bt2 | S | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
02N00936 | 58-89 | 2Btx1 | S | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
02N00937 | 89-104 | 2Btx2 | S | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
02N00938 | 104-160 | 3Bt1 | S | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
02N00939 | 160-231 | 3Bt2 | S | 1 |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2002MO109001 | ( Lawrence, Missouri ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 2:23PM |
Sampled As | : | Hoberg | |||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 02N0200 |
pH & Carbonates | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | |||
(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - Carbonate - -) | (- - Gypsum - - -) | ||||||||||||
CaCl2 | As CaCO3 | As CaSO4*2H2O | Resist | |||||||||||
Depth | 0.01M | H2O | Sat | <2mm | <20mm | <2mm | <20mm | ohms | ||||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | KCl | 1:2 | 1:1 | Paste | Oxid | NaF | (- - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm-1 | |||
4C1a2a | 4C1a2a | |||||||||||||
02N00932 | 0-15 | Ap | S | 5.4 | 5.7 | |||||||||
02N00933 | 15-28 | A | S | 5.5 | 6.0 | |||||||||
02N00934 | 28-35 | Bt1 | S | 5.3 | 6.0 | |||||||||
02N00935 | 35-58 | Bt2 | S | 4.4 | 5.0 | |||||||||
02N00936 | 58-89 | 2Btx1 | S | 4.1 | 4.7 | |||||||||
02N00937 | 89-104 | 2Btx2 | S | 4.0 | 4.6 | |||||||||
02N00938 | 104-160 | 3Bt1 | S | 4.2 | 4.6 | |||||||||
02N00939 | 160-231 | 3Bt2 | S | 3.8 | 4.5 |
Phosphorus | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | |||
(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Phosphorus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | KCl | ||||||||||||||
Melanic | NZ | Acid | Anion Exch Resin | Bray | Bray | Olsen | H2O | Citric | Mehlich | Extr | |||||
Depth | Index | Oxal | Available | Capacity | 1 | 2 | Acid | III | NO3 | ||||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | % | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mg kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||
4D3a1 | |||||||||||||||
02N00932 | 0-15 | Ap | S | 3.4 | |||||||||||
02N00933 | 15-28 | A | S | 1.1 | |||||||||||
02N00934 | 28-35 | Bt1 | S | 0.5 | |||||||||||
02N00935 | 35-58 | Bt2 | S | 0.1 | |||||||||||
02N00936 | 58-89 | 2Btx1 | S | 0.3 | |||||||||||
02N00937 | 89-104 | 2Btx2 | S | 0.2 | |||||||||||
02N00938 | 104-160 | 3Bt1 | S | -- | |||||||||||
02N00939 | 160-231 | 3Bt2 | S | -- |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2002MO109001 | ( Lawrence, Missouri ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 2:23PM |
Sampled As | : | Hoberg | |||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 02N0200 |
Clay Mineralogy (<.002 mm) | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
X-Ray | Thermal | Elemental | EGME | Inter | |||||||||||||||||
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | K2O | Na2O | Retn | preta | |||||||||||||
Depth | Fract | 7A1a1 | tion | ||||||||||||||||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | ion | ( - - - - - - - - - peak size - - - - - - - - - - ) | (- - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg g-1 | ||||||||||||||
02N00935 | 35.0-58.0 | Bt2 | tcly | KK 2 | VR 2 | MI 2 | VM 1 | LE 1 | CMIX |
FRACTION INTERPRETATION: | ||||
tcly - Total Clay <0.002 mm |
MINERAL INTERPRETATION: | ||||
KK Kaolinite | LE Lepidocrocite | MI Mica | VM Vermiculite-Mica | VR Vermiculite |
RELATIVE PEAK SIZE: | 5 Very Large | 4 Large | 3 Medium | 2 Small | 1 Very Small | 6 No Peaks |
INTERPRETATION (BY HORIZON): | ||||
CMIX - Mixed Clay |