*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2004PA029005 | ( Chester, Pennsylvania ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 1:09PM |
Sampled as on Oct 16, 2004: | Glenelg Pasture ; Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults |
Revised to correlated on Jun 8, 2016: | Gaila ; Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Inceptic Hapludults |
United States Department of Agriculture | ||||
SSL | - | Project | I2005USPA042 LIN Infiltration Project | Natural Resources Conservation Service |
- | Site ID | S2004PA029005 Lat: 39° 49' 24.61" north Long: 75° 57' 2.90" west MLRA: 148 | National Soil Survey Center | |
- | Pedon No. | 05N0250 | Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory | |
- | General Methods 1B1A, 2A1, 2B | Lincoln, Nebraska 68508-3866 |
Layer | Horizon | Orig Hzn | Depth (cm) | Field Label 1 | Field Label 2 | Field Label 3 | Field Texture | Lab Texture |
05N01454 | Ap1 | Ap1 | 0-5 | S04PA-029-005-1 | L | L | ||
05N01455 | Ap2 | Ap2 | 5-22 | S04PA-029-005-2 | L | L | ||
05N01456 | Bt | Bt | 22-46 | S04PA-029-005-3 | L | L | ||
05N01457 | BCt | BCt | 46-74 | S04PA-029-005-4 | CN-L | L | ||
05N01458 | C1 | C1 | 74-87 | S04PA-029-005-5 | CN-L | FSL | ||
05N01459 | C2 | C2 | 87-100 | S04PA-029-005-6 | SL | FSL | ||
05N01460 | C3 | C3 | 100-140 | S04PA-029-005-7 | PCN-SL | FSL | ||
05N01461 | C4 | C4 | 140-270 | S04PA-029-005-8 | PCN-SL | FSL |
Pedon Calculations | |||
Calculation Name | Result | Units of Measure | |
Weighted Particles, 0.1-75mm, 75 mm Base | 33 | % wt | |
Volume, >2mm, Weighted Average | 2 | % vol | |
Clay, total, Weighted Average | 15 | % wt | |
Clay, carbonate free, Weighted Average | 15 | % wt | |
CEC Activity, CEC7/Clay, Weighted Average, CECd, Set 1 | 0.2 | (NA) | |
LE, Whole Soil, Summed to 1m | 1 | cm/m | |
Weighted averages based on control section: 22-100 cm |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2004PA029005 | ( Chester, Pennsylvania ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 1:09PM |
Sampled As | : | Glenelg Pasture | Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults | ||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 05N0250 |
PSDA & Rock Fragments | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
(- - - - - Total - - - - - -) | (- - Clay - - -) | (- - - - Silt - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - Sand - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Rock Fragments (mm) ) | |||||||||||||||||
Lab | Clay | Silt | Sand | Fine | CO3 | Fine | Coarse | VF | F | M | C | VC | (- - - - - - - - Weight - - - - - - - -) | >2 mm | |||||||
Text- | < | .002 | .05 | < | < | .002 | .02 | .05 | .10 | .25 | .5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 20 | .1- | wt % | ||||
Depth | ure | .002 | -.05 | -2 | .0002 | .002 | -.02 | -.05 | -.10 | -.25 | -.50 | -1 | -2 | -5 | -20 | -75 | 75 | whole | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of <2mm Mineral Soil - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - % of <75mm - - - - - -) | soil | |||||||||||||||
3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | |||||||||||||||
05N01454 | 0-5 | Ap1 | S | l | 17.3 | 35.6 | 47.1 | 21.1 | 14.5 | 15.7 | 19.0 | 8.2 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 1 | tr | -- | 32 | 1 | ||
05N01455 | 5-22 | Ap2 | S | l | 17.8 | 36.1 | 46.1 | 20.9 | 15.2 | 18.5 | 15.7 | 6.5 | 3.8 | 1.6 | 3 | tr | -- | 30 | 3 | ||
05N01456 | 22-46 | Bt | S | l | 19.9 | 32.6 | 47.5 | 19.3 | 13.3 | 18.7 | 13.2 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 2.1 | 3 | tr | -- | 31 | 3 | ||
05N01457 | 46-74 | BCt | S | l | 18.7 | 35.3 | 46.0 | 20.7 | 14.6 | 16.9 | 12.1 | 7.9 | 5.5 | 3.6 | 3 | 1 | -- | 32 | 4 | ||
05N01458 | 74-87 | C1 | S | fsl | 8.0 | 29.6 | 62.4 | 17.6 | 12.0 | 23.2 | 17.9 | 9.4 | 6.9 | 5.0 | 6 | 1 | -- | 43 | 7 | ||
05N01459 | 87-100 | C2 | S | fsl | 7.1 | 39.8 | 53.1 | 24.7 | 15.1 | 24.7 | 12.7 | 7.7 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 2 | 1 | -- | 31 | 3 | ||
05N01460 | 100-140 | C3 | S | fsl | 3.6 | 39.7 | 56.7 | 25.1 | 14.6 | 25.4 | 11.0 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 3.9 | 3 | tr | -- | 33 | 3 | ||
05N01461 | 140-270 | C4 | S | fsl | 2.9 | 40.8 | 56.3 | 24.5 | 16.3 | 28.8 | 12.0 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 0.9 | 2 | tr | -- | 29 | 2 |
Water Dispersible PSDA | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | |||
(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Dispersible - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | |||||||||||||||
(- - - - - Total - - - - - -) | (- - Clay - - -) | (- - - - Silt - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - Sand - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||
Clay | Silt | Sand | F | CO3 | F | C | VF | F | M | C | VC | ||||
< | .002 | .05 | < | < | .002 | .02 | .05 | .10 | .25 | .5 | 1 | ||||
Depth | .002 | -.05 | -2 | .0002 | .002 | -.02 | -.05 | -.10 | -.25 | -.50 | -1 | -2 | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of <2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | |||||||||||
3A1a6a | 3A1a6a | 3A1a6a | 3A1a6a | 3A1a6a | 3A1a6a | 3A1a6a | |||||||||
05N01454 | 0-5 | Ap1 | S | 7.0 | 36.0 | 57.0 | 21.3 | 14.7 | 12.1 | 25.4 | 11.2 | 5.6 | 2.7 | ||
05N01455 | 5-22 | Ap2 | S | 12.4 | 40.2 | 47.4 | 25.5 | 14.7 | 15.4 | 19.6 | 6.6 | 4.5 | 1.3 |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2004PA029005 | ( Chester, Pennsylvania ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 1:09PM |
Sampled As | : | Glenelg Pasture | Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults | ||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 05N0250 |
Bulk Density & Moisture | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
(Bulk Density) | Cole | (- - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Air Dry-Oven Dry ) | WRD | Aggst | ||||||||||||
33 | Oven | Whole | 6 | 10 | 33 | 1500 | 1500 kPa | (- - - - Ratio - - - -) | Whole | Stabl | (- - Ratio/Clay - -) | ||||||
Depth | kPa | Dry | Soil | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | Moist | Corrected | Soil | 2-0.5mm | CEC7 | 1500 kPa | ||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - g cm-3 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - pct of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm3 cm-3 | % | ||||||||||
DbWR1 | DbWR1 | DbWR1 | DbWR1 | 3C2a1a | 3D1 | 3F1a1a | |||||||||||
05N01454 | 0-5 | Ap1 | S | 1.37 | 1.47 | 0.024 | 24.6 | 23.3 | 10.8 | 1.017 | 0.17 | 50 | 0.66 | 0.62 | |||
05N01455 | 5-22 | Ap2 | S | 1.58 | 1.68 | 0.020 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 8.3 | 1.012 | 0.17 | 3 | 0.36 | 0.47 | |||
05N01456 | 22-46 | Bt | S | 1.50 | 1.58 | 0.017 | 22.5 | 20.6 | 10.0 | 1.012 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.50 | ||||
05N01457 | 46-74 | BCt | S | 1.61 | 1.65 | 0.008 | 20.0 | 16.9 | 10.2 | 1.011 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 0.55 | ||||
05N01458 | 74-87 | C1 | S | 1.44 | 1.47 | 0.007 | 24.9 | 19.2 | 5.4 | 1.005 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.68 | ||||
05N01459 | 87-100 | C2 | S | 1.43 | 1.46 | 0.007 | 27.2 | 23.1 | 5.3 | 1.007 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.75 | ||||
05N01460 | 100-140 | C3 | S | 1.59 | 1.62 | 0.006 | 21.4 | 18.2 | 5.0 | 1.006 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 1.39 | ||||
05N01461 | 140-270 | C4 | S | 1.50 | 1.54 | 0.009 | 24.6 | 21.0 | 4.5 | 1.005 | 0.24 | 0.48 | 1.55 |
Water Content | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | |||||||
(- - Atterberg - -) | (- - - - - Bulk Density - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||||||
(- - - Limits - - -) | Field | Recon | Recon | Field | Recon | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sieved Samples - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||
LL | PI | 33 | Oven | 33 | 6 | 10 | 33 | 100 | 200 | 500 | ||||||||||
Depth | kPa | Dry | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | |||||||||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | pct <0.4mm | (- - - - - - - - g cm-3 - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||
3B2 | 3B2 | 3B2 | 3C1a1a | 3C1b1a | 3C1c1a | 3C1d1a | ||||||||||||||
05N01454 | 0-5 | Ap1 | S | 1.08 | 1.22 | 36.1 | 37.6 | 34.0 | 28.1 | 19.2 | ||||||||||
05N01455 | 5-22 | Ap2 | S | 1.39 | 1.47 | 22.2 | 32.7 | 30.3 | 22.8 | 14.6 | ||||||||||
05N01456 | 22-46 | Bt | S | 35.2 | 33.4 | 24.7 | 16.0 | |||||||||||||
05N01457 | 46-74 | BCt | S | 38.8 | 38.8 | 26.4 | 17.2 | |||||||||||||
05N01458 | 74-87 | C1 | S | 29.8 | 26.5 | 17.0 | 10.7 | |||||||||||||
05N01459 | 87-100 | C2 | S | 40.1 | 39.7 | 25.0 | 15.1 | |||||||||||||
05N01460 | 100-140 | C3 | S | 38.7 | 35.2 | 22.4 | 13.2 | |||||||||||||
05N01461 | 140-270 | C4 | S | 37.8 | 32.8 | 21.3 | 12.6 |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2004PA029005 | ( Chester, Pennsylvania ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 1:09PM |
Sampled As | : | Glenelg Pasture | Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults | ||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 05N0250 |
Carbon & Extractions | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | |||
(- - - - - Total - - - - -) | Est | OC | C/N | (- - - Dith-Cit Ext - - -) | (- - - - - - Ammonium Oxalate Extraction - - - - - -) | (- - - Na Pyro-Phosphate - - -) | ||||||||||||||||
Depth | C | N | S | OC | (WB) | Ratio | Fe | Al | Mn | Al+½Fe | ODOE | Fe | Al | Si | Mn | C | Fe | Al | Mn | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - % of <2 mm - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - -) | |||||||||||||||
4H2a | 4H2a | 4H2a | ||||||||||||||||||||
05N01454 | 0-5 | Ap1 | S | 2.96 | 0.37 | 0.04 | 3.0 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
05N01455 | 5-22 | Ap2 | S | 0.78 | 0.10 | -- | 0.8 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
05N01456 | 22-46 | Bt | S | 0.26 | 0.09 | -- | 0.3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
05N01457 | 46-74 | BCt | S | 0.15 | 0.05 | -- | 0.2 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
05N01458 | 74-87 | C1 | S | 0.09 | 0.04 | -- | 0.1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
05N01459 | 87-100 | C2 | S | 0.08 | 0.07 | -- | 0.1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
05N01460 | 100-140 | C3 | S | 0.07 | tr | -- | tr | 24 | ||||||||||||||
05N01461 | 140-270 | C4 | S | 0.03 | 0.02 | tr | -- | 1 |
CEC & Bases | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
(- - - - - - NH4OAC Extractable Bases - - - - -) | CEC8 | CEC7 | ECEC | (- - - - Base - - - -) | |||||||||||||
Sum | Acid- | Extr | KCl | Sum | NH4 | Bases | Al | (- Saturation -) | |||||||||
Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | Bases | ity | Al | Mn | Cats | OAC | +Al | Sat | Sum | NH4OAC | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||
4B1a1a | 4B1a1a | 4B1a1a | 4B1a1a | 4B2b1a1 | 4B1a1a | ||||||||||||
05N01454 | 0-5 | Ap1 | S | 9.0* | 3.2 | tr | 1.2 | 13.4 | 7.2 | 20.6 | 11.5 | 65 | 100 | ||||
05N01455 | 5-22 | Ap2 | S | 5.0* | 2.1 | tr | 0.7 | 7.8 | 4.1 | 11.9 | 6.4 | 66 | 100 | ||||
05N01456 | 22-46 | Bt | S | 2.7* | 1.3 | tr | 0.5 | 4.5 | 2.9 | 7.4 | 4.4 | 61 | 100 | ||||
05N01457 | 46-74 | BCt | S | 1.8* | 1.0 | tr | 0.3 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 54 | 100 | ||||
05N01458 | 74-87 | C1 | S | 0.9* | 0.5 | -- | 0.1 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 43 | 100 | ||||
05N01459 | 87-100 | C2 | S | 1.1* | 0.7 | -- | 0.1 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 48 | 100 | ||||
05N01460 | 100-140 | C3 | S | 0.7 | 0.5 | -- | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 93 | ||||||
05N01461 | 140-270 | C4 | S | 0.8* | 0.5 | -- | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 100 |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2004PA029005 | ( Chester, Pennsylvania ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 1:09PM |
Sampled As | : | Glenelg Pasture | Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults | ||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 05N0250 |
Salt | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | -20- | |||
(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Extracted From Saturated Paste - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | 1:2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Elec | Elec | Exch | ||||||||||||||||||||
Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | CO3 | HCO3 | F | Cl | PO4 | Br | OAC | SO4 | NO2 | NO3 | H2O | Salts | Cond | Cond | Na | SAR | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - mmol(+) L-1 - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mmol(-) L-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - % - - - -) | (- - dS m-1 - -) | % | |||||||||||||||
05N01454 | 0-5 | Ap1 | S | tr | |||||||||||||||||||
05N01455 | 5-22 | Ap2 | S | tr | |||||||||||||||||||
05N01456 | 22-46 | Bt | S | tr | |||||||||||||||||||
05N01457 | 46-74 | BCt | S | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
05N01458 | 74-87 | C1 | S | -- | |||||||||||||||||||
05N01459 | 87-100 | C2 | S | -- | |||||||||||||||||||
05N01460 | 100-140 | C3 | S | -- | |||||||||||||||||||
05N01461 | 140-270 | C4 | S | -- |
pH & Carbonates | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | |||
(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - Carbonate - -) | (- - Gypsum - - -) | ||||||||||||
CaCl2 | As CaCO3 | As CaSO4*2H2O | Resist | |||||||||||
Depth | 0.01M | H2O | Sat | <2mm | <20mm | <2mm | <20mm | ohms | ||||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | KCl | 1:2 | 1:1 | Paste | Oxid | NaF | (- - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm-1 | |||
4C1a2a | 4C1a2a | 4E1a1a1a1 | ||||||||||||
05N01454 | 0-5 | Ap1 | S | 5.5 | 5.6 | |||||||||
05N01455 | 5-22 | Ap2 | S | 6.7 | 7.1 | |||||||||
05N01456 | 22-46 | Bt | S | 6.6 | 7.2 | |||||||||
05N01457 | 46-74 | BCt | S | 6.7 | 7.2 | |||||||||
05N01458 | 74-87 | C1 | S | 6.8 | 7.1 | |||||||||
05N01459 | 87-100 | C2 | S | 6.8 | 7.3 | |||||||||
05N01460 | 100-140 | C3 | S | 7.0 | 7.5 | tr | ||||||||
05N01461 | 140-270 | C4 | S | 6.9 | 7.6 | tr |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2004PA029005 | ( Chester, Pennsylvania ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 1:09PM |
Sampled As | : | Glenelg Pasture | Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults | ||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 05N0250 |
Clay Mineralogy (<.002 mm) | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
X-Ray | Thermal | Elemental | EGME | Inter | |||||||||||||||||
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | K2O | Na2O | Retn | preta | |||||||||||||
Depth | Fract | 7A1a1 | tion | ||||||||||||||||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | ion | ( - - - - - - - - - peak size - - - - - - - - - - ) | (- - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg g-1 | ||||||||||||||
05N01454 | 0.0-5.0 | Ap1 | tcly | KK 3 | MI 2 | VR 2 | GI 1 | GE 1 | CMIX | ||||||||||||
QZ 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
05N01455 | 5.0-22.0 | Ap2 | tcly | KK 3 | MI 2 | VR 2 | GI 2 | GE 1 | CMIX | ||||||||||||
QZ 1 | HE 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
05N01456 | 22.0-46.0 | Bt | tcly | KK 3 | VR 2 | MI 2 | GI 2 | GE 1 | CMIX | ||||||||||||
HE 1 | QZ 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
05N01457 | 46.0-74.0 | BCt | tcly | KK 4 | MI 2 | GI 2 | GE 1 | VR 1 | CMIX | ||||||||||||
HE 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
05N01460 | 100.0-140.0 | C3 | tcly | KK 3 | GE 2 | MI 1 | HE 1 | CMIX |
FRACTION INTERPRETATION: | ||||
tcly - Total Clay <0.002 mm |
MINERAL INTERPRETATION: | ||||
GE Goethite | GI Gibbsite | HE Hematite | KK Kaolinite | MI Mica |
QZ Quartz | VR Vermiculite |
RELATIVE PEAK SIZE: | 5 Very Large | 4 Large | 3 Medium | 2 Small | 1 Very Small | 6 No Peaks |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S2004PA029005 | ( Chester, Pennsylvania ) | Print Date: Nov 21 2024 1:09PM |
Sampled As | : | Glenelg Pasture | Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults | ||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 05N0250 |
INTERPRETATION (BY HORIZON): | ||||
CMIX - Mixed Clay |