*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S1981MN153003 | ( Todd, Minnesota ) | Print Date: Jan 30 2025 2:38PM |
Sampled as on Sep 29, 1981: | Rockwood ; Coarse-loamy, mixed Mollic Eutroboralf |
Revised to correlated on Mar 27, 2013: | Rockwood ; Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Glossic Hapludalfs |
United States Department of Agriculture | ||||
SSL | - | Project | CP82MN022 MORRISON AND TODD COUNTIES | Natural Resources Conservation Service |
- | Site ID | S1981MN153003 Lat: 46° 16' 14.35" north Long: 95° 0' 1.02" west MLRA: 57 | National Soil Survey Center | |
- | Pedon No. | 82P0063 | Soil Survey Laboratory | |
- | General Methods 1B1A, 2A1, 2B | Lincoln, Nebraska 68508-3866 |
Layer | Horizon | Orig Hzn | Depth (cm) | Field Label 1 | Field Label 2 | Field Label 3 | Field Texture | Lab Texture |
82P00297 | Ap | Ap | 0-23 | SL | SL | |||
82P00298 | E | E | 23-43 | SL | SL | |||
82P00299 | 2BE | 2BE | 43-67 | SL | SL | |||
82P00300 | 2Bt | 2Bt | 67-85 | SL | SL | |||
82P00301 | 2C1 | 2C1 | 85-130 | SL | SL | |||
82P00302 | 2C2 | 2C2 | 130-158 | SL | SL | |||
82P00303 | 2C3 | 2C3 | 158-186 | SL | SL | |||
82P00304 | 2C4 | 2C4 | 186-228 | SL | SL | |||
82P00305 | 2C5 | 2C5 | 228-269 | SL | SL | |||
82P00306 | 2C6 | 2C6 | 269-305 | SL | SL | |||
82P00307 | 2C4 | 2C4 | 186-228 | SL | SL | |||
82P00308 | 2C4 | 2C4 | 186-228 | SL | SL |
Pedon Calculations | |||
Calculation Name | Result | Units of Measure | |
CEC Activity, CEC7/Clay, Weighted Average | 0.54 | (NA) | |
Clay, carbonate free, Weighted Average | 16 | % wt | |
Weighted Particles, 0.1-75mm, 75 mm Base | 60 | % wt | |
Volume, >2mm, Weighted Average | 7 | % vol | |
Clay, total, Weighted Average | 16 | % wt | |
LE, Whole Soil, Summed to 1m | 1 | cm/m | |
Weighted averages based on control section: 43-85 cm |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S1981MN153003 | ( Todd, Minnesota ) | Print Date: Jan 30 2025 2:38PM |
Sampled As | : | Rockwood | Coarse-loamy, mixed Mollic Eutroboralf | ||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 82P0063 |
PSDA & Rock Fragments | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | |||
(- - - - - Total - - - - - -) | (- - Clay - - -) | (- - - - Silt - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - Sand - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Rock Fragments (mm) ) | |||||||||||||||||
Lab | Clay | Silt | Sand | Fine | CO3 | Fine | Coarse | VF | F | M | C | VC | (- - - - - - - - Weight - - - - - - - -) | >2 mm | |||||||
Text- | < | .002 | .05 | < | < | .002 | .02 | .05 | .10 | .25 | .5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 20 | .1- | wt % | ||||
Depth | ure | .002 | -.05 | -2 | .0002 | .002 | -.02 | -.05 | -.10 | -.25 | -.50 | -1 | -2 | -5 | -20 | -75 | 75 | whole | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of <2mm Mineral Soil - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - % of <75mm - - - - - -) | soil | |||||||||||||||
3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3A1a1a | 3B1 | 3B1 | 3B1 | ||||||
82P00297 | 0-23 | Ap | S | sl | 11.4 | 24.2 | 64.4 | 1.7 | 13.1 | 11.1 | 7.6 | 20.6 | 22.1 | 11.2 | 2.9 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 63 | 24 | |
82P00298 | 23-43 | E | S | sl | 8.1 | 24.2 | 67.7 | 2.4 | 13.0 | 11.2 | 9.3 | 22.5 | 21.6 | 10.6 | 3.7 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 64 | 23 | |
82P00299 | 43-67 | 2BE | S | sl | 14.7 | 19.5 | 65.8 | 6.5 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 21.7 | 20.3 | 10.3 | 4.0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 60 | 8 | |
82P00300 | 67-85 | 2Bt | S | sl | 17.2 | 18.8 | 64.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 21.1 | 19.5 | 10.0 | 4.5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 60 | 12 | |
82P00301 | 85-130 | 2C1 | S | sl | 15.1 | 24.6 | 60.3 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 13.4 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 19.8 | 17.9 | 8.6 | 4.5 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 57 | 23 |
82P00302 | 130-158 | 2C2 | S | sl | 13.8 | 24.8 | 61.4 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 14.2 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 21.1 | 18.3 | 8.9 | 3.6 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 58 | 24 |
82P00303 | 158-186 | 2C3 | S | sl | 13.8 | 24.4 | 61.8 | 3.2 | 13.8 | 10.6 | 9.0 | 20.0 | 18.2 | 9.2 | 5.4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 58 | 30 | |
82P00304 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | sl | 12.2 | 21.1 | 66.7 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 11.7 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 23.1 | 21.4 | 9.6 | 3.1 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 64 | 42 |
82P00305 | 228-269 | 2C5 | S | sl | 10.9 | 18.3 | 70.8 | 2.4 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 21.4 | 22.6 | 12.2 | 6.3 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 69 | 32 | |
82P00306 | 269-305 | 2C6 | S | sl | 11.3 | 17.2 | 71.5 | 4.0 | 9.3 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 21.5 | 23.3 | 13.7 | 4.8 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 69 | 32 | |
82P00307 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | sl | 13.4 | 15.2 | 71.4 | 5.7 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 23.9 | 22.7 | 11.8 | 4.4 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 68 | 31 | |
82P00308 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | sl | 13.0 | 17.4 | 69.6 | 4.9 | 9.4 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 23.5 | 22.6 | 10.7 | 3.4 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 66 | 34 |
Bulk Density & Moisture | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
(Bulk Density) | Cole | (- - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - -) | ( Air Dry-Oven Dry ) | WRD | Aggst | ||||||||||||
33 | Oven | Whole | 6 | 10 | 33 | 1500 | 1500 kPa | (- - - - Ratio - - - -) | Whole | Stabl | (- - Ratio/Clay - -) | ||||||
Depth | kPa | Dry | Soil | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | Moist | Corrected | Soil | 2-0.5mm | CEC7 | 1500 kPa | ||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - g cm-3 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - pct of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm3 cm-3 | % | ||||||||||
4A1d | 4A1h | 4B1c | 3C2a1a | 3D1 | 4C1 | 8D1 | 8D1 | ||||||||||
82P00297 | 0-23 | Ap | S | 1.60 | 1.69 | 0.015 | 16.7 | 5.9 | 1.006 | 0.15 | 0.89 | 0.52 | |||||
82P00298 | 23-43 | E | S | 1.73 | 1.74 | 0.002 | 10.8 | 3.1 | 1.002 | 0.11 | 0.59 | 0.38 | |||||
82P00299 | 43-67 | 2BE | S | 1.71 | 1.78 | 0.013 | 12.6 | 5.3 | 1.006 | 0.12 | 0.52 | 0.36 | |||||
82P00300 | 67-85 | 2Bt | S | 1.68 | 1.77 | 0.016 | 14.8 | 6.4 | 1.006 | 0.13 | 0.56 | 0.37 | |||||
82P00301 | 85-130 | 2C1 | S | 1.82 | 1.82 | -- | 12.2 | 5.2 | 1.004 | 0.10 | 0.39 | 0.34 | |||||
82P00302 | 130-158 | 2C2 | S | 1.81 | 1.86 | 0.007 | 12.7 | 5.1 | 1.004 | 0.11 | 0.42 | 0.37 | |||||
82P00303 | 158-186 | 2C3 | S | 1.85 | 1.89 | 0.006 | 11.3 | 5.4 | 1.004 | 0.08 | 0.36 | 0.39 | |||||
82P00304 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 1.96 | 2.00 | 0.004 | 10.2 | 4.6 | 1.002 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.38 | |||||
82P00305 | 228-269 | 2C5 | S | 1.94 | 1.98 | 0.005 | 9.5 | 4.4 | 1.002 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.40 | |||||
82P00306 | 269-305 | 2C6 | S | 1.94 | 1.99 | 0.006 | 9.4 | 4.4 | 1.003 | 0.07 | 0.37 | 0.39 | |||||
82P00307 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 1.76 | 1.83 | 0.010 | 13.6 | 5.2 | 1.005 | 0.11 | 0.52 | 0.39 | |||||
82P00308 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 1.59 | 1.64 | 0.008 | 17.2 | 5.8 | 1.005 | 0.14 | 0.53 | 0.45 |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S1981MN153003 | ( Todd, Minnesota ) | Print Date: Jan 30 2025 2:38PM |
Sampled As | : | Rockwood | Coarse-loamy, mixed Mollic Eutroboralf | ||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 82P0063 |
Water Content | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | |||||||
(- - Atterberg - -) | (- - - - - Bulk Density - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Content - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||||||
(- - - Limits - - -) | Field | Recon | Recon | Field | Recon | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sieved Samples - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||
LL | PI | 33 | Oven | 33 | 6 | 10 | 33 | 100 | 200 | 500 | ||||||||||
Depth | kPa | Dry | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | kPa | |||||||||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | pct <0.4mm | (- - - - - - - - g cm-3 - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||||||
4F1 | 4F | 3B1a | 4B4 | 3C1b1a | ||||||||||||||||
82P00297 | 0-23 | Ap | S | 24 | 6 | 22.7 | ||||||||||||||
82P00297 | 0-23 | Ap | CLODDB | 1.69 | 6.4 | |||||||||||||||
82P00298 | 23-43 | E | S | 15.2 | ||||||||||||||||
82P00298 | 23-43 | E | CLODDB | 1.84 | 2.3 | |||||||||||||||
82P00299 | 43-67 | 2BE | S | 23 | 9 | 15.9 | ||||||||||||||
82P00300 | 67-85 | 2Bt | S | 18.5 | ||||||||||||||||
82P00300 | 67-85 | 2Bt | CLODDB | 1.88 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||
82P00301 | 85-130 | 2C1 | S | 18.9 | ||||||||||||||||
82P00301 | 85-130 | 2C1 | CLODDB | 1.98 | 0.8 | |||||||||||||||
82P00302 | 130-158 | 2C2 | S | 20 | 8 | 18.0 | ||||||||||||||
82P00302 | 130-158 | 2C2 | CLODDB | 1.98 | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||
82P00303 | 158-186 | 2C3 | S | 17.2 | ||||||||||||||||
82P00303 | 158-186 | 2C3 | CLODDB | 1.92 | 0.6 | |||||||||||||||
82P00304 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 15.9 | ||||||||||||||||
82P00304 | 186-228 | 2C4 | CLODDB | 2.07 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||
82P00305 | 228-269 | 2C5 | S | 12.8 | ||||||||||||||||
82P00305 | 228-269 | 2C5 | CLODDB | 1.97 | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||
82P00306 | 269-305 | 2C6 | S | 14.2 | ||||||||||||||||
82P00306 | 269-305 | 2C6 | CLODDB | 1.95 | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||
82P00307 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 17.9 | ||||||||||||||||
82P00307 | 186-228 | 2C4 | CLODDB | 1.88 | 1.4 | |||||||||||||||
82P00308 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 17.4 | ||||||||||||||||
82P00308 | 186-228 | 2C4 | CLODDB | 1.69 | 6.3 |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S1981MN153003 | ( Todd, Minnesota ) | Print Date: Jan 30 2025 2:38PM |
Sampled As | : | Rockwood | Coarse-loamy, mixed Mollic Eutroboralf | ||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 82P0063 |
Carbon & Extractions | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | |||
(- - - - - Total - - - - -) | Est | OC | C/N | (- - - Dith-Cit Ext - - -) | (- - - - - - Ammonium Oxalate Extraction - - - - - -) | (- - - Na Pyro-Phosphate - - -) | ||||||||||||||||
Depth | C | N | S | OC | (WB) | Ratio | Fe | Al | Mn | Al+½Fe | ODOE | Fe | Al | Si | Mn | C | Fe | Al | Mn | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - % of <2 mm - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - - - % of < 2mm - - - - -) | |||||||||||||||
6B3a | 6A1c | 6C2b | ||||||||||||||||||||
82P00297 | 0-23 | Ap | S | 0.130 | 1.65 | 13 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||
82P00298 | 23-43 | E | S | 0.040 | 0.60 | 15 | 0.6 | |||||||||||||||
82P00299 | 43-67 | 2BE | S | 0.030 | 0.43 | 14 | 0.9 | |||||||||||||||
82P00300 | 67-85 | 2Bt | S | 0.032 | 0.41 | 13 | 0.9 | |||||||||||||||
82P00301 | 85-130 | 2C1 | S | 0.25 | 0.6 | |||||||||||||||||
82P00302 | 130-158 | 2C2 | S | 0.21 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||||
82P00303 | 158-186 | 2C3 | S | 0.19 | 0.6 | |||||||||||||||||
82P00304 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 0.17 | 0.6 | |||||||||||||||||
82P00305 | 228-269 | 2C5 | S | 0.17 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||
82P00306 | 269-305 | 2C6 | S | 0.17 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||
82P00307 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 0.013 | 0.23 | 18 | 0.8 | |||||||||||||||
82P00308 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 0.013 | 0.23 | 18 | 0.7 |
CEC & Bases | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | |||
(- - - - - - NH4OAC Extractable Bases - - - - -) | CEC8 | CEC7 | ECEC | (- - - - Base - - - -) | |||||||||||||
Sum | Acid- | Extr | KCl | Sum | NH4 | Bases | Al | (- Saturation -) | |||||||||
Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | Bases | ity | Al | Mn | Cats | OAC | +Al | Sat | Sum | NH4OAC | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | mg kg-1 | (- - - - cmol(+) kg-1 - - -) | (- - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - -) | ||||||||||
6N2e | 6O2d | 6P2b | 6Q2b | 6H5a | 5A3a | 5A8b | 5C3 | 5C1 | |||||||||
82P00297 | 0-23 | Ap | S | 23.3* | 2.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 10.1 | 97 | 100 | ||||||
82P00298 | 23-43 | E | S | 4.7* | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 4.8 | 84 | 100 | ||||||
82P00299 | 43-67 | 2BE | S | 6.4* | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 10.0 | 7.6 | 78 | 100 | ||||
82P00300 | 67-85 | 2Bt | S | 116.8* | 2.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 9.7 | 99 | 100 | ||||||
82P00301 | 85-130 | 2C1 | S | 27.8* | 2.2 | tr | 0.2 | 5.9 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
82P00302 | 130-158 | 2C2 | S | 26.8* | 2.6 | tr | 0.1 | 5.8 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
82P00303 | 158-186 | 2C3 | S | 25.1* | 2.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 4.9 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
82P00304 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 26.0* | 3.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 4.6 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
82P00305 | 228-269 | 2C5 | S | 28.5* | 3.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 4.1 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
82P00306 | 269-305 | 2C6 | S | 27.0* | 3.9 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 4.2 | 100 | 100 | |||||||
82P00307 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 4.6* | 2.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 7.0 | 77 | 100 | ||||||
82P00308 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 5.1* | 2.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 6.9 | 84 | 100 |
*** Primary Characterization Data *** |
Pedon ID: S1981MN153003 | ( Todd, Minnesota ) | Print Date: Jan 30 2025 2:38PM |
Sampled As | : | Rockwood | Coarse-loamy, mixed Mollic Eutroboralf | ||
USDA-NRCS-NSSC-Soil Survey Laboratory | ; | Pedon No. 82P0063 |
Salt | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | -12- | -13- | -14- | -15- | -16- | -17- | -18- | -19- | -20- | |||
(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Water Extracted From Saturated Paste - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | 1:2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Elec | Elec | Exch | ||||||||||||||||||||
Depth | Ca | Mg | Na | K | CO3 | HCO3 | F | Cl | PO4 | Br | OAC | SO4 | NO2 | NO3 | H2O | Salts | Cond | Cond | Na | SAR | |||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | (- - - - - mmol(+) L-1 - - - - -) | (- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mmol(-) L-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - - - % - - - -) | (- - dS m-1 - -) | % | |||||||||||||||
82P00297 | 0-23 | Ap | S | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
82P00298 | 23-43 | E | S | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
82P00299 | 43-67 | 2BE | S | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
82P00300 | 67-85 | 2Bt | S | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
82P00301 | 85-130 | 2C1 | S | -- | |||||||||||||||||||
82P00302 | 130-158 | 2C2 | S | -- | |||||||||||||||||||
82P00303 | 158-186 | 2C3 | S | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
82P00304 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
82P00305 | 228-269 | 2C5 | S | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
82P00306 | 269-305 | 2C6 | S | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
82P00307 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
82P00308 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 1 |
pH & Carbonates | -1- | -2- | -3- | -4- | -5- | -6- | -7- | -8- | -9- | -10- | -11- | |||
(- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -) | (- - Carbonate - -) | (- - Gypsum - - -) | ||||||||||||
CaCl2 | As CaCO3 | As CaSO4*2H2O | Resist | |||||||||||
Depth | 0.01M | H2O | Sat | <2mm | <20mm | <2mm | <20mm | ohms | ||||||
Layer | (cm) | Horz | Prep | KCl | 1:2 | 1:1 | Paste | Oxid | NaF | (- - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - -) | cm-1 | |||
4C1a2a | 4C1a2a | 6E1g | 8E1 | |||||||||||
82P00297 | 0-23 | Ap | S | 7.6 | 7.7 | 2 | ||||||||
82P00298 | 23-43 | E | S | 6.9 | 7.1 | -- | ||||||||
82P00299 | 43-67 | 2BE | S | 6.2 | 6.5 | |||||||||
82P00300 | 67-85 | 2Bt | S | 6.8 | 7.0 | tr | ||||||||
82P00301 | 85-130 | 2C1 | S | 7.4 | 7.8 | 13 | 5800 | |||||||
82P00302 | 130-158 | 2C2 | S | 7.8 | 8.1 | 12 | ||||||||
82P00303 | 158-186 | 2C3 | S | 7.8 | 8.2 | 12 | ||||||||
82P00304 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 7.8 | 8.3 | 9 | ||||||||
82P00305 | 228-269 | 2C5 | S | 7.8 | 8.2 | 6 | ||||||||
82P00306 | 269-305 | 2C6 | S | 7.9 | 8.3 | 6 | ||||||||
82P00307 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 6.8 | 7.3 | -- | ||||||||
82P00308 | 186-228 | 2C4 | S | 7.0 | 7.5 | -- |